by zan » Wed Feb 28, 2007 5:43 pm
Cyprus Timeline
Pre-Neolithic
Hunter- gatherer communities.
Neothilic (I,II) c.7000 - c.4000BC
First farming communities and the first pottery made.
Chalcolithic (I,II) (Copper Age) c.4000 - c.2600BC
First metal objects made on island out of copper. The same period as the Minoan Civilisation on Crete.
Early Bronze Age (I-III) (Early Cypriot Age) c.2600 - c.2000BC
Bronze, a strong and versatile alloy of copper was first used to make tools and ornaments. The technology possible introduced by a group of migrants from Anatolia.
Middle Bronze Age c.2000 - c.1600BC
A short and relatively peaceful period when many villages were settled.
Late Bronze Age (I, II) c.1600 - c.1050BC
Trade links with Egypt and Near East well established and Cyprus is prosperous for much of the period. The 'Sea People' are active in the eastern Mediterranean including Cyprus. The time of the Mycenaean period in Greece, which had a great effect on Cypriot culture.
Iron Age: Cypro-Geometric c.1050 - c.750BC
Cypriot culture shows much influence from Greece. Contact with the Phoenicians from the 9th Century.
Iron Age: Cypro-Archaic Age c.750 - c.500BC
Period of the city-kingdoms despite the island being ruled by a succession of foreign countries for much of the period (Assyrians from c.709BC; Egyptians from c.570BC; and Persians from c.545BC.
Iron Age Cypro-Classical Age c.500 - c.325BC
Cyprus ruled by the Persians until their defeat by Alexander the Great in 333BC. Cypriot cities then come under Greek rule.
Hellenistic c.325 - 30BC
The end of the period of city-kingdoms. Cyprus set free by Alexander the Great in thanks for their help in defeating the Persians. Unfortunately Alexander dies not long after and civil war follows. Cyprus was annexed by Egypt in 294BC, and was a province under the rule of the Ptolemies under the death of Cleopatra VII in 30BC (although annexed by Republican Rome in 58BC).
Roman 30BC - AD395
Cyprus became a senatorial province of imperial Rome in 30BC, and remained under Roman rule until the division of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great in AD395. It was a prosperous and peaceful period.
Byzantine AD395 - 1191
Cyprus was part of the Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantium ruled by Constantinople. A 7th century agreement between Arabs and Byzantines allowed peaceful co-existence and prosperity for much of the period. The Crusades brought Western Europeans to Cyprus which led to the end of Byzantine rule there.
Lusignan (Frankish) AD1191 - AD1489
Cyprus was captured from its Byzantine ruler by Richard I of England in AD1191 and purchased from him by Guy de Lusignan, the former Frankish King Jerusalem in AD1192. The Lusignian rulers established a feudal system on Cyprus, which was dominated by a wealthy French nobility. The last Lusignian ruler abdicated in favour of the Venetians in AD1489.
Venetian AD1489 - AD1571
The powerful Italian merchant city-state of Venice ruled Cyprus through a series of military governors. Despite heavily fortifying the island, Cyprus fell to Ottoman control in AD1571.
Ottoman (Turkish) AD1571 - AD1878
Cyprus was ruled as part of the Ottoman Empire until administration was ceded to Britain in 1878 in return for assistance in the Russo-Turkish war.
Modern Day AD1878
Britain took administration of Cyprus in 1878 and annexed the island in 1914 after Turkey entered WWI as one of the Central Powers. Cyprus became a Crown Colony in 1925, but started to gain limited self rule after WWII. Full independence for the Republic was achieved in 1960.