As set out in the Maastricht Treaty, any national of a Member State is a citizen of the Union. The aim of European citizenship is to strengthen and consolidate European identity by greater involvement of the citizens in the Community integration process. Thanks to the single market, citizens enjoy a series of general rights in various areas such as the free movement of goods and services, consumer protection and public health, equal opportunities and treatment, access to jobs and social protection. There are four categories of specific provisions and rights attached to citizenship of the European Union:
freedom of movement and residence throughout the Union;
the right to vote and stand as a candidate in municipal elections and in elections to the European Parliament in the state where he/she resides;
protection by the diplomatic and consular authorities of any Member State where the State of which the person is a national is not represented in a non-member country,
the right to petition the European Parliament and apply to the Ombudsman.
Although the exercise of these rights is dependent on European citizenship and is subject to certain limitations laid down by the Treaties or secondary legislation, the right to apply to the Ombudsman or to petition the European Parliament is open to all natural or legal persons residing in the Member States of the Union. Likewise, any person residing in the European Union has fundamental rights.