by MR-from-NG » Fri Aug 04, 2006 4:49 pm
Greek Cypriot voters set to derail UN plan for island's reunification
President and church accused of whipping up bitterness ahead of today's referendum
Helena Smith in Nicosia
Saturday April 24, 2004
The Guardian
Greek Cypriots are today expected to resoundingly reject a UN peace plan that presents a historic opportunity to reunite their divided island. After 30 years of conflict the bitterness whipped up by the president and the Greek Orthodox church shows no signs of ebbing - nor do the accusations of intimidation sponsored by the government in Nicosia.
The Greek choice looked set last night to mar Cyprus's May 1 entry to the EU, entrenching the partition of the island, and barring entry to the bloc of its ethnic Turkish minority. Mounting anger in Brussels at the prospect of the union's borders ending at the heavily militarised "green line", rather than the waters of the Mediterranean, was reflected in a rare outburst by the EU's enlargement commissioner, Günter Verheugen.
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Mr Verheugen blasted the Nicosia government for "cheating" its way into the union by reneging on promises to do its utmost to bring about a solution.
Despite the public dressing down - and the obvious disappointment of the minority Turkish Cypriots who have enthusiastically endorsed the UN plan - President Tassos Papadopoulos stuck firmly to his guns. He described the UN's 9,000-page plan for a power-sharing arrangement, envisaging a federated bizonal, bicommunal country, as "neither workable nor viable".
Hogging the airwaves as the campaign ended on Thursday night, the hardline leader rejected suggestions that today's referendum was the last chance to solve the Cyprus conundrum. The US secretary of state, Colin Powell, had joined the UN in describing the vote as a "golden opportunity" that will not be repeated.
But in a two-hour interview broadcast by all four of the island's television channels, Mr Papadopoulos told the nation: "From my experience, such proposals or plans do not disappear, they are revived and reproduced."
As the Greek Cypriot president spoke, tens of thousands of Turkish Cypriots took to the streets in their part of the island. Most shared the view of Mustapha Cirakli, who sees reunification as the key that will unlock decades of international isolation and crippling economic deprivation. "Say yes and you connect Cyprus to the world," he said.
"We're really upset with the Greek Cypriots, we were expecting different things from them. After all, a dove of peace can't fly with one wing."
Although around 1,000 Turkish nationalists arrived in the impoverished north from the Turkish mainland to try to scupper a yes vote, the referendum has been met with relief by most Turkish Cypriots.
The scenes of optimism in the self-declared mini-state contrasted deeply with the climate of fear that has taken hold of the much wealthier Greek south.
The vehemence of Mr Papadopoulos's opposition to the plan has been matched only by the heavy handedness of the tactics to which the authorities have allegedly resorted in the run-up to the poll.
Media manipulation and outright bullying by government-appointed campaigners determined to see civil servants vote oxi (no) have reportedly been rife. On the orders of the education minister, schoolchildren were told to abandon the classroom on Thursday to distribute as many oxi leaflets and stickers as they could. In the process those bold enough to say nai (yes) were branded "traitors" or "Turk lovers". Many yes supporters have been heckled or reprimanded by police for defacing no signs.
EU diplomats said the way the campaign had been conducted would sour the island's EU entry and raise questions about the nature of its democratic values.
"Its embarrassing and absolutely shameful," said the former president George Vassiliou. "What we have seen is an industry of misinformation at work - a special kind of police state where people have been told what to vote and indirectly threatened." Until last April, when the veteran Turkish Cypriot leader Rauf Denktash opened the "green line" under domestic popular pressure, most Greek Cypriots had no memory of "the other side".
Since 1974, when Turkish troops invaded in the wake of an Athens-backed coup to unite the island with Greece, cross-ethnic contact has been kept to a minimum. On either side of the UN-patrolled "dead zone" the two communities have led different lives: Greeks performing an economic miracle to make up for the loss of territory and 180,000 refugees, and the Turks proclaiming independence in an enclave that is recognised by Turkey but no one else.
History
For decades Greek history books have been fixated with Turkey's crimes: the genocide of the Armenians, the Asia Minor catastrophe, the sacking of Constantinople, the "cleansing" of the Greeks, the Cyprus invasion and the killing of the Kurds.
Confronted with a solution for the first time - and the reality of its attendant compromises - insidious nationalist fever, nurtured in classrooms, has erupted with a vengeance.
This week, for the first time since the 70s, the motto "A good Turk is a dead Turk" appeared daubed across the walls of Nicosia's English school, founded when Cyprus was a British crown colony.
Mr Vassiliou, who negotiated the island's EU accession, apologised profusely to a top aide of Mr Verheugen.
"I am very upset for my country," he told her. "No one expected such a virulent no campaign from Papadopoulos. He has deliberately played on peoples' fears by talking about the plan's negative rather than positive aspects. Even if it's late we still hope to salvage the situation."
Unlike the no camp, which has been able to rent giant billboards and print leaflets thanks to donations from banks and business, the yes supporters have been largely self-funded. Some have resorted to using bed sheets as banners.
But while the latest polls have shown at least 70% of Greeks oppose the UN plan, many in the silent yes camp hope they could yet reduce their lead at the polls.
The undecided vote is said to have increased lately, not least since Bishop Pavlos of Kyrenia warned Greek Cypriots that they would face damnation if they approved the accord. If those favouring a settlement exceed 35%, senior local EU diplomats and political figures told the Guardian that they hoped a second referendum could be held soon, possibly in the autumn.
Miltiades, with all due respect I am not alone in my accusation that the ROC lied and cheated its way into the EU.