Cyprus-Forum.com

[Lordo]

1960 Republic ofCyprus
Treaty of Guarantee Cyprus
Nicosia, 16 August 1960
The Republic of Cyprus on one part, and Greece, Turkey, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland of the other part.

I. Considering that the recognition and the maintenance of the independence, territorial integrity, and security of the Republic of Cyprus, as established and regulated by the Basic Articles of its Constitution, are in their common interest,

II. Desiring to co-operate to ensure respect for the state of affairs created by that Constitution, Have agreed as follows:


Article I
The Republic of Cyprus undertakes to ensure the maintenance of its independence, territorial integrity, and security, as well as respect for its Constitution.

It undertakes not to participate, in whole or in part, in any political or economic union with any State whatsoever. It accordingly declares prohibited any activity likely to promote, directly or indirectly, either union with any other State or partition of the Island.

Article II
Greece, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, taking note of the undertakings of the Republic of Cyprus set out in Article I of the present Treaty, recognise and guarantee the independence, territorial integrity, and security of the Republic of Cyprus, and also the state of affairs established by the Basic Articles of its Constitution.

Greece, Turkey, and the United Kingdom likewise undertake to prohibit, so far as concern them, any activity aimed at promoting, directly or indirectly, either union of Cyprus with any other State or partition of the Island.

Article III
The Republic of Cyprus, Greece, and Turkey undertake to respect the integrity of the areas retained under United Kingdom sovereignty at the time of the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus, and guarantee the use and enjoyment by the United Kingdom of the rights secured to it by the Republic of Cyprus in accordance with the Treaty concerning the Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus signed at Nicosia on today's date.

In witness whereof, the undersigned have signed the present Treaty.

Done at Nicosia, this sixteenth day of August, in English and French, both texts being equally authoritative.

For the Republic of Cyprus: O KYPROU MAKARIOS and FAZIL KÜÇÜK

For Greece: C. CHRISTOPOULOS

For Turkey: V. TÜREL

For the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland: HUGH FOOT

[Lordo]

this is like better than any symphony. bitter sweet indeed.

[Lordo]

why do i have a feeling this fellow in the video has gc dna in im like.

perhaps somebody can expalin what was illegal about terggish intervention in cyprus in 1974. I am not talking forcibly removing populations north and south, i am talking about legality of the internetion itself. we can come too ther stuff too.

and words are quite appropriate too in the whole too.

Cause it's a bittersweet symphony this life
Trying to make ends meet, you're a slave to the money then you die.
I'll take you down the only road I've ever been down
You know the one that takes you to the places where all the veins meet, yeah.
No change, I can't change, I can't change, I can't change,
but I'm here in my mold, I am here in my mold.
But I'm a million different people from one day to the next
I can't change my mold, no, no, no, no, no, no, no
Well I never pray,
But tonight I'm on my knees, yeah.
I need to hear some sounds that recognize the pain in me, yeah.
I let the melody shine, let it cleanse my mind, I feel free now.
But the airwaves are clean and there's nobody singing to me now.
No change,…

[Lordo]

now ultimate question comes up.

why is cyprus divided. i have found this reference regarding enosis. conterary to some asswipes who think they are politically savvy and yet believe that enosis vote on cyprus was in 1950. here is an interesting sentence.

<< The UK House of Commons Select Committee on Foreign Affairs reviewed the Cyprus question in 1987 and reported unanimously that, "Although the Cyprus Government now claims to have been seeking to "operate the 1960 Constitution modified to the extent dictated by the necessities of the situation" this claim ignores the fact that both before and after the events of December 1963 the Makarios Government continued to advocate the cause of ENOSIS [annexation to Greece] and actively pursued the amendment of the Constitution and the related treaties to facilitate this ultimate objective".

The Committee continued : "Moreover in June 1967 the Greek Cypriot legislature unanimously passed a resolution in favour of ENOSIS, in blatant contravention of the 1960 Treaties and Constitution."

Professor Ernst Forsthoff, the neutral President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Cyprus until 1963 told Die Welt on 27 December 1963 "Makarios bears on his shoulders the sole responsibility of the recent tragic events. His aim is to deprive the Turkish community of their rights." In an interview with UPI press agency on 30 December 1963 he said: "All this happened because Makarios wanted to remove all constitutional rights from the Turkish Cypriots."

George Ball also recalls that during his visit to Cyprus in the Spring of 1964, Sir Cyril Pickard, the British Under-secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, "denounced the Archbishop in devastating language for the outrages inflicted on the Turkish Cypriots." Ball himself told the Greek Cypriot leader that "if he persisted in his cruel and reckless conduct Turkey would inevitably invade, and neither the US nor any other western power would raise a finger to stop them."

He further recalls that "a massacre took place in Limassol on the south coast in which as I recall about 50 Turkish Cypriots were killed, in some cases by bulldozers crushing their flimsy homes. I said to Makarios sharply that such beastly actions had to stop." Fine words—but nothing was done. On his visit to Athens at that time George Ball records that "Greek Prime Minister [George] Papandreou contended that the "turbulence" over Cyprus resulted only from Turkey's invasion threats. I told him that although I had heard all that before it simply was not true."
>>

now how educational is that.

[Lordo]

and of course this invariably leads to the two words fear and phobia and the difference between them.

it is beyond doubt that terggy in 1963 had no means of landing in cyprus so it was not fear of invasion it was phobia of invasion.

what a world we live in

[Lordo]

here is another statement.

The former British Prime Minister, Sir Alec Douglas-Home said in his memoirs he had been convinced that if the Greek Cypriots could not treat the Turkish Cypriots as human beings they were inviting the invasion and partition of the island.

The American Under-Secretary of State, George Ball, said in his own memoirs, that the central interest of the Greek Cypriot leader, Makarios, "was to block off Turkish intervention so that he and his Greek Cypriots could go on happily massacring Turkish Cypriots. Obviously we would never permit that." The fact is however that neither the US, the UK, the UN, nor anyone, other than Turkey ever took effective action to prevent it.

i mean some peebol are good at telling the future others stating the obvious

[Lordo]

one last bit for today.

Glafcos Clerides, later the Greek Cypriot President, wrote his memoirs, entitled "Cyprus—My Deposition" in four volumes, published by Alithia publishing company, Nicosia, 1989-91. In these memoirs he admits that there was no need for constitutional amendments.

According to him, "Makarios, at the head of the bi-communal state of Cyprus, had decided to proceed, stage by stage, to the unilateral abrogation of the rights granted to the Turkish community by the Zurich and London Agreements and to reduce its political status to a minority, using prematurely, the excuse of the unworkability of certain provisions of the constitution."

He goes on to say that "An honest evaluation of the situation during the period 1960-63, divorced from propaganda would lead to the conclusion that there was no need to press for constitutional amendments". Nevertheless according to Clerides, Makarios "refused to accept practical solutions failing short of constitutional amendments"

how about that for a bit of real information. and i promise i have not been anywhere near gruniad today.

[Pyrpolizer]

perhaps somebody can expalin what was illegal about terggish intervention in cyprus in 1974. I am not talking forcibly removing populations north and south, i am talking about legality of the internetion itself. we can come too ther stuff too.

It has been discussed 100 times
When Turkey actually decided to move the army It was not illegal! O tsouro papas Makarios even went to the UN asking for an intervention to get his throne back.
However when it started it was illegal already because the constitutional order has been established as Clerides took over as per constitution waiting for the tsouro to return from his vocation abroad.
The illegality was finalized when it turned out it was not even an intervention to establish constitutional order, but a full scale invasion, with lots of cold blood killing,rapes, land and property stealing, and ethnic cleansing of the GCs.

[Lordo]

you can't get away with that little conandrum.
in 1974 can you explain what you mean by restore constitutional order?
return to what constitutional order.

constitution was never implemented, in fact the constitutional court was disolved.

are you not asking for something that never existed?

ironically of course in 1972 clerides agreed to the 13 ammendments with dengtash and for everyone to return to their homes and makarios vetoed it? i don't know this for fact but i am certain if dengtash thought for one moment that maarios would accept the changes he would nevr accepted them. so he called makarios's bluff and makarios was found wanting.

what a world we live in.

[Pyrpolizer]

you can't get away with that little conandrum.
in 1974 can you explain what you mean by restore constitutional order?
return to what constitutional order.

constitution was never implemented, in fact the constitutional court was disolved.

are you not asking for something that never existed?

ironically of course in 1972 clerides agreed to the 13 ammendments with dengtash and for everyone to return to their homes and makarios vetoed it? i don't know this for fact but i am certain if dengtash thought for one moment that maarios would accept the changes he would nevr accepted them. so he called makarios's bluff and makarios was found wanting.

what a world we live in.

That was the only right the guarantors had.

There was still constitutional order even when the TCs withdrew from the Parliament in 1963 as Denktash was the recognized TC leader and recognized Vice president who just abandoned his post.In fact the talks were all about how the TCs would return to the Government and the areas they left from.
For example the 15 seats of the TCs in the parliament were left vacant and many Gvnt institutions where a TC was the Chairman were still waiting for the TC guy to return while a GC took over as acting Chairman.
From what I know the constitutional court was not dissolved but merged with the high court to form what is today known as Supreme Court In any case it had a foreign President who resigned after the Tsouro ignored it's decisions. At best one could claim that those were minor disruptions of the constitutional order. there were many such minor disruptions e.g. the Tsuro ignored a couple of Denktashe's vetoes.

There was no good will from either side to work things out, the TCs were working for Partition and the Tsouro for a slow drive towards Enosis.
Give anyone the best constitution,it won't work if there is no good will.

What broke the constitutional order completely was the coup that replaced the President with someone who was not even elected and imposed military law...The Gcs saw the risk and fixed it BEFORE Turkey actually invaded.

Yes it's true Makarios turned down the agreement between Clerides and Denktash in 1972. (he did not vetoed it LOL). Big mistake and big greediness by the tsouro...

But I thought you wanted to discuss if the invasion was legal...

In any case we don't want such guarantees anymore where with the slightest excuse Turkey could invade again.
if we cannot trust each other to work things out, we cannot have a solution.