Svetlana wrote: I do really know the Brits invented Concentration Camps in the Boer War, its just that Russians do it so much better!>
Svetlana, sorry to correct you again.... But
Encarta wrote:Modern concentration camps appeared at the end of the 19th century. The Spanish used them in Cuba during the Spanish-American War (1898)
Which was before the Boer war started!
Of
course, the Russians easily beat the both the Germans and the British (who only managed to put 20,000 into the South African camps), they did it bigger and for longer...
Encarta wrote:In Russia the Bolsheviks established labour camps for suspected counter-revolutionaries in 1918. During the 1920s, “class enemies” and criminals were confined in the Northern Special Purpose Camps on the Solovetskiye Islands in the White Sea and near Archangel on the mainland. In the 1930s and 1940s, a system of corrective labour camps covered most of the Soviet Union and received millions of prisoners in successive waves of mass arrests. These prisoners included independent farmers (kulaks), victims of the great purges, populations deported from the Polish and Baltic territories annexed in 1939, groups such as the Volga Germans considered potentially disloyal during World War II, prisoners of war, and Russians returning from German captivity. After the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953, when many inmates received amnesty and were released, the camps continued on a smaller scale.
In 1919 the Russian secret police, then known as the Cheka (forerunner of the KGB), was empowered to arrest “class enemies”. Commitment to a camp usually followed a hearing by the Judicial Collegium of the secret police, using elastic paragraphs of the criminal code to sentence defendants who had the right neither to be present nor to defend themselves. During the 1920s the camps were administered by various agencies, including the People’s Commissariat of Justice. In 1930 control over all camps was assumed by the Chief Administration of Camps (Glavnoye uptavlenie lagetov, or GULAG) in the People’s Commissariat of the Interior (Narodny kommissariat vnutrennikh dyel, or NKVD).
An estimated 15 million camp inmates worked as forced labourers on numerous projects essential to the Soviet economy. Some of these, such as the White Sea-Baltic Canal and the Moscow-Volga Canal, claimed innumerable lives. Other projects—such as the coal mines and oil wells near Vorkuta and the gold mines on the Kolyma River—exploited the mineral wealth of the Soviet Arctic. Eventually, five major camp systems evolved: (1) the Yagry near Arkhangel’sk; (2) the Pechora, including Kotlas and Vorkuta; (3) the Karaganda in Kazakhstan; (4) the Tayshet-Komsomolsk (now Komsomolsk) in the Lake Baikal-Amur River region; and (5) the Dalstroy in the Magadan-Kolyma region.