by Nikitas » Sun Mar 24, 2013 3:04 pm
I happen to know one industry rather well, and therefore can judge both the financial reasons that parts of it moved to Turkey as well as the results. What I see is unprecedented state help for startups, generous export subsidies, zero environmental controls, super low social insurance costs. To give an example: the metal finishing process which in Italy must by law be in certified buildings with special air filters, worker protection, redundant recycling and entrapment systems, in Turkey happens in the OPEN AIR!!! No wonder it is cheaper to transfer manufacturing there.
Then there is the R&D costs. Turkish companies simply reverse engineer products in this sector, paying zilch for development and FA for patent use. This is not a major cost, but it shows the mentality behind the push to maximise exports at all costs. Those who tried to recoup on patent infringement found that the courts are not that interested.
Subsidies are high and encourage dumping, that is selling goods in the foreign markets at cost or below, because the subsidies make up the difference and then some.
All the above are illegal under EU regulations. No European country can compete simply because it cannot suspend environmental protection or offer export subsidies.
Now as to the quality of the goods. In some it approaches the original, managing to offer about 60 per cent of the quality, in most it is way behind. In all cases there is almost zero local initiative shown. The situation reminds me of the state of Spanish manufacturing in the 70s and 80s and Japanese copies of the 60s. This is the most disturbing part of the situation because no industry can survive without local innovation. What is even more disturbing is that offering 60 er cent of the quality at half the price is still not enough to establish Turkish goods as a presence in this particular market. Consumers are aware that they are buying second rate. After years of trying there is still not one single maker who can claim to be offering a top product. Spanish makers in the same area have only just recently managed to place their products in the top tier, and only after undergoing a drastic restructuring of their industry which reduced their companies from hundreds to less than twenty.
I am not gloating nor predicting doom. Just noting that some of the conditions that give a leg up to Turkish manufacturing are untenable long term.