By Max Gevers
Published on July 10, 2011
THE UN is pushing the parties in the Cyprus problem to intensify negotiations and show convergence on core issues by October, in other words it wants speedy results. So far, the negotiations of the last few years have achieved little of major importance. Tentative expressions about power sharing and settlers fall far short of hard agreements which are desperately necessary.
The reason why is not hard to see: lack of incentive to settle for Turkey and for the Cypriot Government. Turkey's EU- bid, the biggest international political impetus to push parties to a solution, is in coma. Another incentive, the search for hydrocarbons, is not taken up in a spirit of active joint cooperation by the parties, in this case Cyprus, northern-Cyprus and Turkey. The Cypriot Government does not show any enthusiasm to move forward either. On the contrary, it keeps talking of avoiding time frames and outside intervention and emphasises the need for a solution to be based on principles and other long out of date mantra's. Now the UN has finally stepped in and put its foot down.
What can be done? For a dispassionate observer it is not difficult to see, but for Cypriots, so thoroughly indoctrinated, almost impossible to fathom. What is needed is an 'asphyxiating' time frame and, if possible, some powerful intervention combined with real arm twisting by outside parties. The UN would appear to be doing, in a careful and diplomatic way, just that: minimum lip-service to 'Cyprus owned and Cyprus-led' negotiations, more serious results by October, enhanced UN-role, in the end capped by an international conference.
The present lack of these two main elements allows the Cypriot Government to continue doing little internally and internationally about the Cyprus problem. It does not realise that the UN and even more so the EU, are bored stiff with the Cyprus problem. They hardly pay more than political lip service to it, the UN throwing in some military personnel and the EU looking at its watch and going on to the next item on the agenda as fast as possible! Now, finally, the UN says diplomatically 'enough is enough'.
Deadlines are perfectly normal in the UN-context, being often the only mechanism that ensures a modicum of success to negotiations. Hardly any international negotiations are ever successful without proper deadlines. Their absence, especially if there is also a lack of incentive, usually guarantees that nothing important will happen. It allows parties to continue happily doing nothing, annoy everybody, blame others except oneself and, in general, behave as obnoxiously as possible. On the internal political side it ensures a never ending asphyxiating blame game, and the government earning some political brownie points internally.
What is needed is real political will and a hard-nosed sense of international political realism, not island parochiality. Cyprus needs precisely what it fights so hard to avoid: an asphyxiating deadline for the solution of its problem! In the absence of a direct and powerful incentive for Turkey, a hard deadline would perk up the talks putting them back on a serious international agenda with all that this implies. A deadline would force the parties to clearly and sharply articulate the architecture of a solution, to define its elements, its costs, to envision a future. It would focus the attention of the parties on what is really needed, instead of playing around in a cloud and boring others as is happening right now. Only after such effort at definition and focusing, can there again be serious international attention for a solution. The same thing happened in the past, with an international pledging conference for aid to a solution, before Cyprus engaged in its gigantic effort at misinformation and deception of the Annan-plan.
That Cyprus cannot achieve a solution on its own, is clear to everybody. One must assume that the Cypriot Government also knows that. The fact that it insists that it can, and subsequently does nothing, merely shows an unwillingness to get to grips with the substance of the problem and a desire to continue to search for the international limelight in the shadow of its own division. Besides this horrible asphyxiating time frame, more is needed: some powerful outside intervention! Greece, Turkey, the UK and the US all have their role to play and the UN as well.
Serious political arm twisting is called for. All parties need it. The Greek- and Turkish-Cypriots, more than anyone else, need to know that the present situation has to and will change, to the better if they grab the chance, to the worse if they don't. Greece, for its own reasons, needs to redouble its efforts to settle the Aegean issue with Turkey and negotiate intensively with Turkey about the future of Cyprus, initially most definitely without the participation of the Cyprus parties themselves. Turkey needs to come to terms with the reality of a serious solution. Both the US, the UK and the EU could use its leverage to convince the Turks and the Cypriots that some major compromises are needed. All this means that a solution is simply impossible without outside intervention and without disowning the Greek and Turkish Cypriots of part of the process.
Last but not least, the parties in Cyprus have to reconcile themselves, psychologically, with the likely terms of a solution. Indeed, building support is what the UN Secretary-General is now calling for as well. The authorities in the North and the Cyprus Government both have to embark on immediate and intensive sustained efforts to prepare their population for the various elements and realities of a solution. Incidentally, all the elements of a solution are well known and rehearsed. It is not like Cyprus would be barging into the unknown. They need to be put together again in a coherent architecture for a settlement.
The public relations effort has to happen and fast because such things take time. Unfortunately, nothing has been done so far which bodes ill for a possible future referendum. If nothing on this score happens in the coming months, it will be quite indicative of the willingness of Cypriots to work for a solution, despite the warning of the UN that it might well pull the plug later this year.
Why are these public relations efforts vital? Because the parties must get to grips with reality. They need to, indeed must, be clearly aware - before the referenda take place - what the possible consequences would be if they fail. No more UN mediation, eventual withdrawal of UN troops, partition, the Cypriot National Guard facing the Turkish army directly, no unhindered exploration and production of hydro-carbons meaning very serious loss of income for Cyprus, loss of tourism and services in an unstable environment, a goodbye kiss to the famous but so far empty slogan of Cyprus being a bridge between Europe and the Middle East. What remains would be, merely, an island of love . . . for some!
Max Gevers is a former Netherlands ambassador to Cyprus
http://www.cyprus-mail.com/cyprus-probl ... e/20110710