by 74LB » Thu Jul 28, 2011 2:22 am
FT article -
Cyprus moved closer to becoming the fourth eurozone country to need a bail-out on Wednesday after Moody’s downgraded its bonds to just two notches above junk, saying the island’s recent political turmoil and exposure to Greek debt raised questions about its ability to service its own debt.
Senior European officials insisted there were no special talks under way with Nicosia, although they were monitoring the situation and did not believe a bail-out was imminent. But the Cypriot banks’ Greek debt exposure has raised concerns, particularly after last week’s eurozone deal, which will lead to defaults on some Greek bonds.
“It is not on my immediate radar screen,” François Baroin, France’s finance minister, told the Financial Times.
“We are monitoring the situation of the banking sector in Cyprus closely and are in contact with the authorities,” said one senior European official.
Cypriot banks are among the eurozone’s largest holders of Greek bonds. According to the European Banking Authority, Bank of Cyprus holds €2.4bn in Greek debt and Marfin Popular Bank holds €3.4bn.
Yields on Cyprus’s 10-year bonds maturing in 2014 jumped 0.85 percentage points to 10.18 per cent, well above the borrowing rates that forced Ireland and Portugal into bail-outs.
European officials have been closely monitoring Cyprus since the market turmoil surrounding Greek bail-out negotiations because of the dominance of the banking sector to its economy.
Concerns grew two weeks ago when the country’s largest power plant exploded, leading to rolling blackouts across the island. The economic effect of the accident could be substantial. Moody’s said it now believed there would be no growth in 2011.
The accident has led to significant political turmoil, as accusations and ministerial resignations over what the government knew about the risks to the power plant. The upheaval has stalled an austerity package that European Union officials believed was essential to restoring the country’s fiscal health.
Standard & Poor’s cut its rating on Greek sovereign debt from triple C to double C, the same level as Moody’s, in anticipation of a selective default on some Greek bonds.
The Moody’s decision means that everything that could possibly go wrong for Cyprus appears to have done so – in just a fortnight.
European officials have long been concerned about the country’s domestic banking sector, which has assets of more than seven times its annual economic output – giving it a disproportionate role in the island’s economy.
The banks weathered the global financial crisis and the initial stages of the eurozone’s debt crisis relatively well. But then came last week’s decision by European leaders to put pressure on Greek bond owners to accept losses on their holdings.
Even as European leaders were causing turmoil in the bond market as they dithered over the size and scope of Greek bondholder losses, another drama was unfolding in Nicosia: the Communist-led government was locked in a bitter fight with trade unions and rival parties over an austerity programme to get its deficits under control.
Just last month, the European Commission warned that without such modifications, Cyprus would not achieve its European Union-mandated budget targets.
Then, as if a banking crisis and a political crisis were not enough, another disaster struck.
The country’s largest power plant blew up after Iranian munitions confiscated by authorities exploded, killing 13 people.
The repurcussions of the disasters has plunged the island’s government into a kind of chaos that the head of its central bank likened to the 1974 Turkish invasion that split the island.
Ministers have resigned amid accusations that they may have known of the danger posed by the Iranian munitions. And the much-needed austerity programme has become a casualty of the fallout.
As a result of that strain, the government announced on Wednesday that Demetris Christofias, the president, was to ask for the resignation of all members of his cabinet on Thursday. This followed the junior party in the governing coalition, the Democratic party, urging its ministers to resign.
In its announcement downgrading Cypriot bonds on Wednesday, Moody’s Investors Service cited political upheaval as a primary reasons for its change in opinion. For the EU and other European leaders, however, it is the banking sector that has been the focus of concern.
“Moody’s is concerned that reforms may be watered down or delayed in the process of winning broad approval of them,” the rating agency said.
Nearly 40 per cent of all loans extended by Cyprus’s three largest lenders – which account for 55 per cent of the country’s total bank assets – are to customers in Greece.
In addition, stress tests released by the European Banking Authority this month showed that, among non-Greek banks, two Cypriot groups – Marfin Popular Bank and Bank of Cyprus – were the third-largest and seventh-largest holders of Greek bonds in Europe.
Constantinos Pittalis, head of investor relations for the Bank of Cyprus, said on Wednesday that the bank had reduced its exposure to Greek bonds by about €700m to €1.7bn since the EBA stress tests were held this month, as some of the debt matured and some was written down.
But the holdings still raised concerns at Moody’s, which said Nicosia would probably have to recapitalise the banks.
Although the potential Greek debt hole in Cyprus is not as large as the losses faced by banks in Ireland, it is still large for a country with a gross domestic product of €17bn.
“A period of prolonged macroeconomic stress would increase the likelihood that these contingent liabilities will crystallise on the Cypriot government’s balance sheet,” Moody’s said.
Additional reporting by Richard Milne and Ben Hall in London