Isn’t it time for the European Union to have a permanent president – as foreseen under its Lisbon treaty? The rotating presidency, under which each country, big or small, puts on its make-up and appears on stage for six months before making way for the next act, appears anachronistic.
The EU has 27 member-states. The number may rise to more than 30 in the next decade. Unless the set-up is changed, the EU risks making itself look foolish in the eyes of the world.
Of the main European powers, France, which ran an energetic and efficient presidency from July to December, will not be back in the job until 2022 at the earliest. The UK, which held the presidency in 2005, must wait until 2017. Germany, which ran a good presidency in 2007, will get its next opportunity, if it is lucky, in 2021.
Meanwhile, the presidency will be held by minnows such as Cyprus in 2012, Latvia in 2015 and Malta in 2016. An attractive feature of the EU is that its structures produce a balance of power among big, medium-sized and small countries. At first glance, the EU looks like a sort of modern Holy Roman Empire, with its patchwork of big and small states. But even the Holy Roman Empire did not change emperors every six months.
“This rotating presidency really is ridiculous,” says Glenis Willmott, leader of the UK Labour party in the European parliament.
“One presidency comes to the parliament and sets out its agenda but takes three months to get going. Then, three months later, another presidency comes along, and its agenda is entirely different.”
When Slovenia held the presidency from January to June 2008, it emphasised the EU’s relations with countries which, like itself, had once formed part of communist Yugoslavia.
When France took over, it switched the focus away from south-eastern Europe and trumpeted its own project, the Union for the Mediterranean, which involves the EU’s Middle Eastern and north African neighbours.
Now it is the Czech Republic’s turn, with an initiative called the Eastern Partnership, which is designed to build closer ties with six former Soviet states situated between Russia and the EU’s eastern frontier. Come July 1, Sweden will be in charge, and guess what? We will receive something called the Baltic Sea Strategy.
All this could be generously interpreted as a tribute to Europe’s diversity, were it not for the fact that the Czech presidency, though not even half-finished, has exposed the failings of the system. A medium-sized, inexperienced country is holding the presidency at a time when the EU faces immense challenges in economic policy and foreign affairs.
The Czech presidency’s handling of the Gaza conflict in January was such a mess that the EU’s Middle East diplomacy was in effect taken over by France, Germany and the UK. The EU’s response to the financial crisis and recession was derailed for a while by an unseemly dispute between the Czech Republic and France over the European car industry and protectionism.
EU diplomats blame some of the trouble on the Czechs, who are said to struggle with a lack of institutional resources; deliver documents for meetings too late; and be poor at forward planning. Still, the Czechs win praise for speaking out in support of the EU’s single market and against economic nationalism. Mirek Topolanek, Czech prime minister, had a wobbly start but has performed better and better as the Czech presidency has progressed.
Nonetheless, the lesson is that the sooner the EU has a full-time president, the better. If Irish voters approve the Lisbon treaty in a referendum expected in October, the new post will be created. The appointee will serve a two-and-a-half year term, renewable once. The EU could have its first president as early as January.
But the job won’t be worth the paper it’s written on if, as some smaller countries want, its occupant sticks to administrative duties, preparing EU summits and so on. It needs to be held by someone who commands respect among the member-states and on the wider world stage. And it would be a real coup if the first president was a woman and came from the newly democratic eastern half of Europe.
Who better than Angela Merkel, Germany’s chancellor?