Cyprus-Forum.com

[insan]

» Seljuqs
The art of the Seljuqs, who founded kingdoms in Persia, eastern Byzantium, Syria, and Iraq, eclipsed that of the Sāmānids, Ghūrids, and Ghaznavids. They were great architectural patrons and constructed numerous mosques, madrasahs (Islāmic religious schools), hospitals, orphanages, baths, caravansaries, bridges, and türbes notable for their decorative masonry, elaborately ornamented portals, and use of Kūfic script as an architectural decorative device. The Seljuqs also attained a high standard in their decorative arts, especially metalwork, wood carving, and pottery. The Mongols, who terminated the Seljuq period, adopted certain Seljuqid artistic conventions, particularly the use of ornamented portals and glazed-tile paneling.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/top ... =ref314254

[insan]

Oghuz Turkish literature includes the famous Book of Dede Korkut which was UNESCO's 2000 literacy work of the year, as well as the Oguznama and "Koroglu " epics which are part of the literacy history of Azerbaijanis, Turks of Turkey and Turkmens. The modern and classical literature of Azerbaijan, Turkey and central Asia are also considered the Oghuz literature, since it has been produced by their descendants.

The Book of Dede Korkut is an invaluable collection of epics and stories, bearing witness to the language, the way of life, religions, traditions and social norms of the Oghuz Turks in Azerbaijan, Turkey and central Asia.


http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_histo ... ks#Origins

[insan]

Toghril Beg, the founder of the Seljuk dynasty, had made Esfahan the capital of his domains and his grandson, Malik-Shah Jalal al-Din, had ruled there since 1073. An invitation was sent to Khayyam from Malik-Shah and from his vizier, Nizam al-Mulk, asking Khayyam to go to Esfahan to set up an observatory there. Other leading astronomers were also brought to the observatory in Esfahan, and for 18 years Khayyam led the scientists and produced work of outstanding quality. It was a period of peace during which the political situation allowed Khayyam the opportunity to devote himself entirely to his scholarly work.
During this time Khayyam led work on compiling astronomical tables and he also contributed to calendar reform in 1079. It was to be his greatest achievement. Developed in response to the Seljuk sultan's need for a new schedule for revenue collection, Khayyam's calendar, called Al-Tarikh-al-Jalali after the sultan, was even more accurate than the Gregorian calendar presently used in most of the world: the Jalali calendar had an error of one day in 3770 years, while the Gregorian has an error of one day in 3330 years. Khayyam measured the length of one year as 365.24219858156 days, which is remarkably accurate. It has since been discovered that the number changes in the 6th decimal place over a person's lifetime. For comparison of Khayyam's accuracy, the length of one year at the end of the 19th century was 365.242196 days, and today it is 365.242190. Although the calendar project was canceled upon Malik-Shah's death in 1092, the Jalali calendar has survived and is still used in parts of Iran and Afghanistan today.

The death of the sultan, a month after his vizier Nizam al-Mulk was murdered on the road from Esfahan to Baghdad by the terrorist movement called the Assassins, ended Khayyam's period of peaceful existence. Malik-Shah's second wife took over as ruler for two years but she had argued with Nizam al-Mulk, so support was withdrawn from his clients and funding for the Observatory ceased and Khayyam's calendar reform was put on hold. Khayyam also came under attack from the orthodox Muslims who felt that Khayyam's questioning mind did not conform to the faith.

Despite being out of favor on all sides, Khayyam remained at the Court. He wrote a work in which he described former rulers in Iran as men of great honor who had supported public works, science and scholarship.

http://www.islamonline.net/english/scie ... le04.shtml

[insan]

The third and most famous Seljuk ruler was Alp's son Malik-Shah (1055-1092; reigned 1072-1092). He consolidated and expanded the empire more through diplomacy than war, and displayed a great interest in literature, science, and the arts. It was under his reign that the absolutely exquisite multi-colored tiled mosques of his capital at Isphahan in Persia were built. The Persian poet and astronomer 'Umar al-Khayyam (1044-1123 AD), whose Rubayat became so famous in Edward FitzGerald's 19th century English translation, was known in Malik-Shah's court.

http://home.earthlink.net/~lilinah/Libr ... Turks.html

[insan]

The Khazars were a strange anomaly in the mediaeval world, a Turkic race who professed the Jewish faith. They began as nomads, and it is possible they were related to the Uighurs. The Persian writer Tabari mentions them in the reigns of Quibad and Anurshirwan (531-579); Azerbaijan is described as neighbouring “the country of the Khazars.” The first definite mention as a separate race is in the late 6th century in the reign of Byzantine Emperor Maurice. It is thought they had been vassals of the West Turks and gained their independence as the power of their overlords declined.

Fig. 1 (MAP TO COME)


Khazar civilisation and its contribution is aptly summed up by Dimitri Obolensky, Professor of Russian and Baltic History, Oxford, in his book “The Byzantine Commonwealth”.

http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Khazars

For more information on the Khazars and their civilization, culture and artefacts, see http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-history.html

http://www.geocities.com/kaganate/

[wyoming cowboy]

Insan what is this gibbirish,

The Khazars were a strange anomaly in the mediaeval world, a Turkic race who professed the Jewish faith. They began as nomads, and it is possible they were related to the Uighurs. The Persian writer Tabari mentions them in the reigns of Quibad and Anurshirwan (531-579); Azerbaijan is described as neighbouring “the country of the Khazars.” The first definite mention as a separate race is in the late 6th century in the reign of Byzantine Emperor Maurice. It is thought they had been vassals of the West Turks and gained their independence as the power of their overlords declined.

Fig. 1 (MAP TO COME)


Khazar civilisation and its contribution is aptly summed up by Dimitri Obolensky, Professor of Russian and Baltic History, Oxford, in his book “The Byzantine Commonwealth”.

http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Khazars

For more information on the Khazars and their civilization, culture and artefacts, see http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-history.html

http://www.geocities.com/kaganate/

[Oracle]

Big deal!

http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/T ... cience.pdf
http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/philosophy.pdf
http://www.wonderfulinfo.com/winfo/muslminv.htm
http://www.turkpatent.gov.tr/portal/def ... &haber=360
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-glaring_headlamp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volitan

It’s a stupid thread! Some of you seem to think that by constantly humiliating Turkey you’ll find justice for Cyprus! I don’t know how you figured that out…

The problem with Cyprus is all the treason going on from both sides because Greek nationalism in Cyprus is just as catastrophic as Turkish nationalism!

Unless all Cypriots rise up and demand that both Greece and Turkey get the fuck out of our lives, Cyprus will NEVER see the light of day. Do you understand that?

If you’re not fighting for Cypriot Nationalism you’re just a traitor end of story!

GR, this thread is not about "the problem with Cyprus", kindly stick to the subject of the thread, and post your dogmatic views elsewhere. BTW, why do you jump to the conclusion that the initial post is an attempt to rubbish or demean? Thou protest too much, me thinks.

If you think this is a stupid thread, you don't have to participate. Since you did bother to respond, your response refers to either pages that carry a warning about the advertising nature of the page or requesting the backing up by independent sources. Sorry GR, your response doesn't carry much weight.

GR! is missing Zan so much, he has decided to fill the Turkish Nationalist hole left by him ....

[Oracle]

@ Insan

Can you give us any tangible achievements in contributions towards humanity, as you stated?

So far, it's just been empty words from disparate un-credible sources. For example, you missed out the Seljuk Turks' greatest contribution for humanity, which was flaying people alive!

[wyoming cowboy]

GR the junta instigated the problem on cyprus in 74. Papandreou placed 15000 well armed Greek troops on cyprus fearing an invasion by turkey was eminent in 67..There was no declaration of enosis in 67..Papandreou is overthrown bythe colonels in greece in that year, who were backed by the cia, their first moves was to bring back to greece the 15000 greek troops..7 years later they stage a coup against makarios which gave the turks the excuse with the backing of nato to invade cyprus, the junta fell on 21 of july 74. within those 7 years 67-74, Grivas came back to form eoka B with their stated aim of overthrowing makarios. in these 7 years cyprus was filled up with junta officers who had gotten control of the cyprus army. Their propaganda was extreme to the point where the soldiers before the coup were taking sides either pro griva or por makarios. There was nothing like this prior to 67. Makarios prior to 67 exiled Grivas for his rhetoric about enosis. In conclussion the usa uk nato pushed the junta to create problems on cyprus for fear of losing its influence over makarios.

More garbage, and you're actually showing your distinct lack of knowledge of Cyprus' history with this one.

Its high time Greece faced up to her responsibilities…

“A coup d'état in Athens in November 1973 had made Brigadier General Dimitrios Ioannides leader of the junta. Rigidly anticommunist, Ioannides had served on Cyprus in the 1960s with the National Guard. His experiences convinced him that Makarios should be removed from office because of domestic leftist support and his visits to communist capitals. During the spring of 1974, Cypriot intelligence found evidence that EOKA B was planning a coup and was being supplied, controlled, and funded by the military government in Athens. EOKA B was banned, but its operations continued underground. Early in July, Makarios wrote to the president of Greece demanding that the remaining 650 Greek officers assigned to the National Guard be withdrawn. He also accused the junta of plotting against his life and against the government of Cyprus. Makarios sent his letter (which was released to the public) to the Greek president on July 2, 1974; the reply came thirteen days later, not in the form of a letter but in an order from Athens to the Cypriot National Guard to overthrow its commander in chief and take control of the island.”

http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/15.htm

Bye-bye Simon...

[wyoming cowboy]

The junta in Greece was not the legitimate government of Greece. They were not democratically elected, nor had the support of the people of Greece, as evidenced through the numerous riots and imprisonments.