TABLE 1. Ratio of Greeks to Turks in Cyprus in
Census Years
Census year Ratio of Greeks to Turks
1881 3.3: 1
1891 3.3: 1
1901 3.561
1911 3.8: 1
1921 3.99: 1
1931 4.3: 1
1946 4.48: 1
1956 4.52: 1
1960 4.3: 1
1973 4.3: 1
Source:"Population by Location, Race and Sex, and Demographic Report,» in Censusof Papulation and Agriculture,Vol. 1, Republic of Cyprus, State Archives, Vol. 7/9, No.4 (Nicosia: Department of Statistics and Research, Republic of Cyprus, State Archives).
Turks on the island was 3.03 to 1. In subsequent years, there was adrop in the Turkish population due to emigration to the mainlandso that, by the time Cyprus achieved its independence in 1960, theratio of Greeks to Turks was 4.3 to I-Greeks constituted 78.2 percentof the populati<;m and Turks 18.13 percent-the remaining3.66 percent consisting of Armenians, Lebanese Maronites andEuropeans (see Table 1).Most of the Greek Cypriots and many mainland Greeks alsoclaimed that the island should be united with Greece for demographicreasons and portrayed this simply as a question of the rightto self-determination for the majority of the island's inhabitants.As a result of the settlement of Turks in Cyprus by theOttomans, nearly all areas on the island came to have mixed Greco-Turkish populations. This was due to the Ottoman policy of settlingMuslim peasants on the lands of the dispossessed Venetianaristocracy. While the land was initially owned by Ottoman militaryand administrative officials, it passed, over time, into the hands ofpeasants.4 Most of the Turkish population lived in mixed villagesor in Turkish quarters of towns. Life in many of the mixed villageswas characterized by close ties and even intermarriage betweenGreeks and Turks.5The peasantry, both Muslim and Christian, had very little incommon with their respective religious and social elites and didjnotidentify with or relate to the large landowners, Orthodox andIslamic religious hierarchies, or the ruling Ottoman oligarchy.6In other words, the average Christian (Greek) peasant had muchmore in common with their Muslim (Turkish) counterpart thanwith members of their own national group belonging to highersocio-economic classes.
This article seeks to explain which factors played a central role in the developmentof rival Greek and Turkish Cypriot national identities and how geograPhy, modernization,and colonial policies came to playa critical role in this development.The article argues that the development of rival nationalisms on Cyprus must beanalyzed by looking at seven factors: (1) the geograPhic and topograPhic s.etting;(2) demograPhic changes and realities; (3) socio-culturalfactors, such as education,language, symbolism, religion, and links to the mainlands; (4) economicand class factors; (5) the internal impact of the colonial power; and, after theachievement of statehood in 1960 (6) Cypriot governmental organization; and(7) the geopolitical position of the island.
CYPRUSAND THE ClASH OF GREEK
AND TURKISH NATIONALISMS
NADAV MORAG
University of ]udaism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
http://cpo.ajula.edu/Content/ContentUni ... u=5381&t=0