Cyprus-Forum.com

[halil]

just after the First World War was followed by a Greek Cypriot boycott of elections for the legislative council and local authorities in the island. In 1931 Greek Cypriot frustration erupted in violence. After the elections of that year - which the Greek Cypriots did contest - the Enotists strengthened their position on the legislative council and Nicodemus, the Bishop of Citium, issued an uncompromising Enotist manifesto urging that no obedience was due to the laws of a foreign ruler. Three days later Nicodemus made a speech inciting Cypriots to break the laws. The following evening - October 21 - rioting started in Nicosia. Dyonysios Kykkiotis, a chief priest, kissed the Greek flag, declared Enosis, and led the rioters to Government house, where they smashed windows and then threw in combustible materials, burning the building to the ground.
The rioting was halted with the arrival of two Royal Navy ships and the landing of troops from Egypt. The governor, Sir Ronal Storrs, then deported ten ringleaders, without warning, including Nicodemus and the Bishop of Kyrenia and two elected members of the legislative council. Six Cypriots had been killed and 30 wounded. The repression which followed was disproportionately severe. Two thousand islanders were imprisoned, the Greek Cypriots had to pay £66,000 for property destroyed in the main towns and 70 villages, the constitution was suspended, political parties were outlawed, the Press was censored, and the Governor ruled by decree.

Halil, stop it. You are doing all my work for me!! You are proving a most useful Turk!!

Re Bafidis. I had been stating from the beginning that Halil was impartial. Now do you believe me?

Deniz ,

Some of them so blind they can not see the truths .....at my previous writing I used such a word , ''I don't care what was happened 9000,400 years ago but I do care what was happened after 1960 ..... because we were solved out our problems and Independent Cyprus republic was born ....

Why you didn't satisfied with it ? U are ignored us , u never calculated that we will not agree , we wanted share power with u but u wanted use that power only for yourself ....Who were the EOKA or TMT men ....they were our own people .... Without public support they were nothing .....

I do blame firstly our GC friends than secondly i do blame ours . Because Deniz ....Makarios and CO's were the first ones who introduced 13 points and akritas plan ....They never realize this bloody island was big enough for all of us ....And BAFİDİ tries to defend all the time for me how braves were EOKA ...They should satisfied by ROC mate .....

The TCs were the first to start the inter communal conflict. They killed 8 unarmed GC men who were dropped off in a Turkish controlled area.

And what about the TC bombing of the Turkish embassy?

First signs of intercommunal conflict

The first signs of intercommunal conflict on the island appeared when the British conscripted Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus. Arif Hasan Tahsin a Turkish Cypriot that joined the Colonial police, a member of TMT and eventually rose as the number two in hierarchy of the Turkish Cypriots in his book[7] notes: "It is a fact that the Turks fought against Greek Cypriots not just because they wanted Enosis". EOKA would target colonial authorities including police men. Both British and Turkish police men would die in exchange of fire. The eventual death of Turkish Cypriot policemen were met with anti-Greek riots by the Turkish community while the British authorities would remained passive. Greek stores and neighborhoods would be burned and Greek civilians would be injured or killed. Such events created chaos and brought the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.[8]

On the 22nd of October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27th and 28th of January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan rejected partition. The British then withdrew the plan.

In June 1958 the British prime Minister Harold Macmillan was expected to proposed a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development the Turks created fierce riots in Nicosia aiming to promote the idea that Greeks and Turks could not live together and therefore any plan that would promote that would not be viable, instead partition would be the only viable solution. This violence soon to be followed by bombing, Greek Cypriots deaths and looting of Greek owned stores and houses resulted in Greeks and Turks started to evade mixed populated villages that the respective were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of segregation of the two communities.[9]. On the 7th of June 1958 a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On June 26th 1984 the then Turkish Cypriot Leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension.[10]

History only starts in 1960 only for the Turks. The Turks only consider parts of history which suit them.

Iceman is right. Halil, you are very shallow!!

same record player started to play by u Bafidi again ..... who cares who started first ............. Aim is important ..... 13 points and Akritas plan .......

who were behind those plans were the shallow brain Bafidi , you are the one of them keep defending same argument .

[Paphitis]

just after the First World War was followed by a Greek Cypriot boycott of elections for the legislative council and local authorities in the island. In 1931 Greek Cypriot frustration erupted in violence. After the elections of that year - which the Greek Cypriots did contest - the Enotists strengthened their position on the legislative council and Nicodemus, the Bishop of Citium, issued an uncompromising Enotist manifesto urging that no obedience was due to the laws of a foreign ruler. Three days later Nicodemus made a speech inciting Cypriots to break the laws. The following evening - October 21 - rioting started in Nicosia. Dyonysios Kykkiotis, a chief priest, kissed the Greek flag, declared Enosis, and led the rioters to Government house, where they smashed windows and then threw in combustible materials, burning the building to the ground.
The rioting was halted with the arrival of two Royal Navy ships and the landing of troops from Egypt. The governor, Sir Ronal Storrs, then deported ten ringleaders, without warning, including Nicodemus and the Bishop of Kyrenia and two elected members of the legislative council. Six Cypriots had been killed and 30 wounded. The repression which followed was disproportionately severe. Two thousand islanders were imprisoned, the Greek Cypriots had to pay £66,000 for property destroyed in the main towns and 70 villages, the constitution was suspended, political parties were outlawed, the Press was censored, and the Governor ruled by decree.

Halil, stop it. You are doing all my work for me!! You are proving a most useful Turk!!

Re Bafidis. I had been stating from the beginning that Halil was impartial. Now do you believe me?

Deniz ,

Some of them so blind they can not see the truths .....at my previous writing I used such a word , ''I don't care what was happened 9000,400 years ago but I do care what was happened after 1960 ..... because we were solved out our problems and Independent Cyprus republic was born ....

Why you didn't satisfied with it ? U are ignored us , u never calculated that we will not agree , we wanted share power with u but u wanted use that power only for yourself ....Who were the EOKA or TMT men ....they were our own people .... Without public support they were nothing .....

I do blame firstly our GC friends than secondly i do blame ours . Because Deniz ....Makarios and CO's were the first ones who introduced 13 points and akritas plan ....They never realize this bloody island was big enough for all of us ....And BAFİDİ tries to defend all the time for me how braves were EOKA ...They should satisfied by ROC mate .....

The TCs were the first to start the inter communal conflict. They killed 8 unarmed GC men who were dropped off in a Turkish controlled area.

And what about the TC bombing of the Turkish embassy?

First signs of intercommunal conflict

The first signs of intercommunal conflict on the island appeared when the British conscripted Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus. Arif Hasan Tahsin a Turkish Cypriot that joined the Colonial police, a member of TMT and eventually rose as the number two in hierarchy of the Turkish Cypriots in his book[7] notes: "It is a fact that the Turks fought against Greek Cypriots not just because they wanted Enosis". EOKA would target colonial authorities including police men. Both British and Turkish police men would die in exchange of fire. The eventual death of Turkish Cypriot policemen were met with anti-Greek riots by the Turkish community while the British authorities would remained passive. Greek stores and neighborhoods would be burned and Greek civilians would be injured or killed. Such events created chaos and brought the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.[8]

On the 22nd of October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27th and 28th of January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan rejected partition. The British then withdrew the plan.

In June 1958 the British prime Minister Harold Macmillan was expected to proposed a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development the Turks created fierce riots in Nicosia aiming to promote the idea that Greeks and Turks could not live together and therefore any plan that would promote that would not be viable, instead partition would be the only viable solution. This violence soon to be followed by bombing, Greek Cypriots deaths and looting of Greek owned stores and houses resulted in Greeks and Turks started to evade mixed populated villages that the respective were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of segregation of the two communities.[9]. On the 7th of June 1958 a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On June 26th 1984 the then Turkish Cypriot Leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension.[10]

History only starts in 1960 only for the Turks. The Turks only consider parts of history which suit them.

Iceman is right. Halil, you are very shallow!!

same record player started to play by u Bafidi again ..... who cares who started first ............. Aim is important ..... 13 points and Akritas plan .......

who were behind those plans were the shallow brain Bafidi , you are the one of them keep defending same argument .

Have you read the Akritas Plan? Can you point out any referance to the planned genocide?

And no, it does not start with the 13 point plan. If you are going to be so shallow, then I will argue that it started when the TCs withdrew from government, instead of talking through the issues.

But this was never on your agenda, as you wanted to withdraw from government and into enclaves and push towards TAKSIM.

Once again, no answer over the Turkish Embassy bombing!!

[bill cobbett]

... nor to the mosque bombings!

[denizaksulu]

Personally, I have never mentioned either of these two, as their seems to be counter claims.

But when it comes to 'who began what?', dont you think its best left alone? Shall we go back to adam and eve?

[Paphitis]

Personally, I have never mentioned either of these two, as their seems to be counter claims.

But when it comes to 'who began what?', dont you think its best left alone? Shall we go back to adam and eve?

Not when everything begins in 1960!! Better still, why don't we say everything started on 20 Jul 74. This would be much more conventient!!

[halil]

Personally, I have never mentioned either of these two, as their seems to be counter claims.

But when it comes to 'who began what?', dont you think its best left alone? Shall we go back to adam and eve?

Not when everything begins in 1960!! Better still, why don't we say everything started on 15 Jul 74. This would be much more conventient!!

Ignoring the history of independent Cyrus time 1960-1963.

1963 -1967 conflict times ......

1968 ......Cyprus talk begun


1971 -15 july 1974 EOKA -B devil plans ...... than coup .....

20 july 1974 Peace operation for TC's......

20 july 1974 up to now Invation times ....

1977 -1979 Denktash -Makorios and Kiprianu agreements

........ more and more ..... 2004 Annan plan and referandum .....

Now 2008 both sides leaders are on the table .......................

[denizaksulu]

Personally, I have never mentioned either of these two, as their seems to be counter claims.

But when it comes to 'who began what?', dont you think its best left alone? Shall we go back to adam and eve?

Not when everything begins in 1960!! Better still, why don't we say everything started on 20 Jul 74. This would be much more conventient!!

For you perhaps.

But why deliberately misconstrue what Halil meant ( regarding the beginning as being 1960). I know it is difficult to understand him all the time but you are intelligent enough to understand most of what he says. You keep on going around in circles.
Look, we got rid of Eoka, next step please.

[halil]

from tomorrow we can see from my window ..... from 1960 to 1974 ....and finaly present day.

we can see your ones as well see ıf we can find common things between them.

than we can start to eliminate the facts .... i hope we can up to some thing.

[Nikitas]

Tim asks:

"Does the "X" stand for anything, or have any significance, in Greek?"

X is the uknown factor of algebra. On the insignia used by the X group it was capped by a crown, I guess to show the royalist sentiments of its members.

Grivas, like many other Greek officers of his generation, was a rabid anticommunist. Having read his writings and as much about him as I can, and having some personal accounts from people close to him when he was alive, I would go as far as to say that given a choice between submitting to a Greek communist takeover or total Turkish conquest he would prefer the latter.

The other fascinating aspect of his life was his close connection with the British during the final days of the German occupation of Greece and the civil war that followed.

I will not go into ridiculous conspiracy theories, but have to note that by the time Grivas arrived in Cyprus for his early scouting missions (early 50s) he was a very well known quantity to the British. They knew perfectly well what he was capable of because they had used him a few years earlier in Greece. Is it likely that Grivas would be travelling around the island with maps, marking likely hideouts and ambush points, with no Special Branch tail? If he was lucky enough to evade them in 1951, how about 1952 when he revisited Cyprus in Jyly 1952 and again in October 1952?

Think that this retired Greek army officer probably arrived in Cyprus with a Greek passport, it would have to be since he was a naturalised Greek citizen, and therefore offcially an alien. His entry was governed by the Aliens Acts which applied in Cyprus at the time. He would have needed a visa. Yet in his passport his place of birth would be Cyprus. These fact alone would have alerted the Special Branch officers at the port of Limassol where he most likely landed on his visits. Those of us who recall the setup at Limassol harbor in those days know how strictly controlled things were and how many landing and embarkation cards we had to fill in.

Yet Grivas was able to move around the island freely and make his plans for armed action a year or two later. Strange goings on!

[halil]

1960 to 1974................ 2008 (1)



Cyprus gained her sovereign independence by virtue of a constitution and three treaties .
The Treaty of Guarantee, the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Establishment, all of which came into force on the same day
Aug. 16, 1960. They were interrelated so that, for example, the 48 “basic articles” of the Constitution were incorporated into the Treaty of Guarantee while the two Treaties of Guarantee and Alliance were in turn mentioned to “have constitutional force” in Article 181 of the constitution. The third treaty, the Treaty of Establishment, makes it clear that the boundaries of the Republic of Cyprus do not coincide with those of the island, in that Britain retains absolute sovereignty over two enclaves, totaling 99 square miles which contain the military bases of Ağrotur (Akrotiri) and Dikelya (Dhekelia). Britain is also given certain military rights (such as exclusive control of the Nicosia airport in the event of an emergency) on the territory of the republic. The constitution was drawn up explicitly in terms of the two people -- and was referred to subsequently by the Turkish Cypriots as a functional federation, though that expression does not actually appear. The official languages were Greek and Turkish. The Greek and Turkish flags could be flown without any restrictions, though there was also to be a national flag. The Greek and Turkish national holidays were to be observed. The country was defined as “an independent and sovereign republic with a presidential regime, the president being Greek and the vice president being Turkish elected by the Greek and Turkish communities of Cyprus respectively.” There were 10 ministers, seven chosen by the president and three by the vice president (in practice a Turkish Cypriot was appointed to defense). Decisions in the Council of Ministers were to be taken by absolute majority, except that either the president or the vice president had an absolute veto over decisions relating to foreign affairs, defense or internal security and a delaying one on other matters.
The legislative system was unicameral. The House of Representatives had 50 members: 35 Greek and 15 Turkish. This ratio was unilaterally changed to 56 Greek and 24 Turkish by Greek Cypriots without the consent of Turkish Cypriots during the “Dark Era,” namely between the years 1963-1974. According to Article 78(2), “any law imposing duties or taxes shall require a simple majority of the representatives elected by the Greek and Turkish communities respectively taking part in the vote.” This provision also applied to any change in the electoral law and the adoption of any law relating to the municipalities. This last question baffled the constitution makers. In five of the towns, separate Greek and Turkish municipalities had emerged as a consequence of the communal confrontations of 1958 and had been recognized by the British. They would now be officially established, thereby becoming the only organ of the constitution based on the idea of territorial separation, but for only four years during which the president and the vice president were supposed to decide between them whether they were to continue.
Legislation on other subjects was to take place by simple majority but again the president and the vice president had the same right of veto -- absolute on foreign affairs, defense and internal security, delaying on other matters -- as in the Council of Ministers. Outside the House of Representatives there were to be elected two communal chambers, one Greek, the other Turkish, which were given separate functions not entrusted to the House. These included education, religious matters, personal status, sport, culture, producer and consumer cooperatives and credit establishments. For these purposes they were entitled to impose taxes, set up courts and conduct their own relations with the Greek and Turkish governments over help with funds or with personnel. The judicial system was headed both by the Supreme Constitutional Court and by the High Court of Justice, each consisting of Greek and Turkish Cypriot judges, each with a neutral president (who should not be Cypriot, Greek, Turkish or British). The High Court had mainly appellate jurisdiction but could also deal with “offences against the constitution and the constitutional order.” The Supreme Constitutional Court had exclusive jurisdiction over the allocation of functions and powers between the various institutions. Either president or vice president might appeal to this court whenever he thought that a law including, specifically, the budget, would have the effect of discriminating against one of the communities. Moreover human rights were strongly protected. A long series of guarantees against discrimination and in support of fundamental rights and liberties (Articles 6 to 35) were closely based on the appropriate European conventions. Finally, the constitution recognized the bi-communal nature of Cyprus in its arrangements for administration. The public service should approximate in all grades of its hierarchy to a 70:30 ratio. The Public Service Commission was to consist of 10 members, seven of them Greek, but a number of decisions were made dependent on the approval of at least two of the Turkish members.
There was to be a Cypriot army, 2,000 strong, of which 1,200 should be Greeks and 800 Turks, together with security forces, comprising police and gendarmerie, also totaling 2,000, but this time with 1,400 Greeks to 600 Turks; forces stationed in parts of the republic inhabited almost totally by one community should have policemen drawn entirely from that community.