I don't believe that Micky D is a good example. a) It is a franchise and the local holders are quite dictated to by HQ as to what they can and can not do b) a lot of the merchandise is actually bought from MacD's own factories or from other factories that are licensed by MacD c) it addresses a minority clientèle, mostly low income, so that they could easily price themselves out of their niche if they exaggerated.
The big supermarkets would be a better example as they address themselve to a wide range of families. I'd guess that a member of 60% or 70% of families in Cyprus goes to at least one of them at least once per month, probably more often than not once a week.
Let me tell you something about them. Bonus cards. Most people think that they are there as a means of effectively getting an indirect discount, a kind of fidelity scheme. Nothing is further from the truth. In the first place, ithe "discount" they offer is negligible, averaging 1% or sometimes even less. They are used for many purposes:
1. to check what an individual buys regularly and what he buys sporadically
2. to determine average spending patterns according to the perceived income range
3. to check which special offers appeal most to customers
4. to calculate, for any given article, the optimum price for max profits with a perceived income range. For example, a luxury imported biscuit will be sold only to higher income brackets and by linear regression, they can determine whether to set the price lower and hope to sell more or set the price high and sell fewer.
5. to calculate which articles to restock and those to not restock (this is also a function of suppliers' quantity discounts and payment terms, as the big guys almost blackmail their suppliers into long payment delays)
6. to calculate what are the likely seasonal variations in spending patterns for different classes of client. This is especially important for fresh produce. Which customers would stop buying cucumbers when the price reaches £1/kg or £1.50?
In other words, these cards are to maximise profitability and to help practise "just-in-time" deliveries with a minimal buffer stock. This is why, at any one time, items just disappear off the shelves, quite often for good. You can bet your bottom euro that the programmers are already working on software which will tell them what price hikes the gullible public will swallow for each class of product when the euro hits and when the price hike will be implemented (it will be a slow process over several months).
Have you ever wondered why the small village supermarkets can sell many articles at the same price as the big'uns, sometimes even cheaper? It is because their margins are much slimmer as they do not benefit from the economy of scale. But then they do not have "bonus" cards. The bonus is for the supermarket, not the individual.