Cyprus-Forum.com

[denizaksulu]

Oracle's is a racist claim under a different name. Dress it up whichever way she wants - call it memes, if she wants - it is essentially a racist argument.

Here you go CopperLine ..... feast yourself on how Genetics can be used as a tool to generate fodder to fuel your divisive mentality.

Watch this space because if we do not reclaim the balancing affects of "nurture" ( memes ) chaps like CopperLine will be clutching their catalogues to categorize people into haplogroups ... the real new name for RACE.

Scientists reshape Y chromosome haplogroup tree gaining new insights into human ancestry
by PhysOrg
Reposted from:
http://www.physorg.com/news126327593.html

The Y chromosome retains a remarkable record of human ancestry, since it is passed directly from father to son. In an article published online today in Genome Research scientists have utilized recently described genetic variations on the part of the Y chromosome that does not undergo recombination to significantly update and refine the Y chromosome haplogroup tree. The print version of this work will appear in the May issue of Genome Research, accompanied by a special poster of the new tree.

Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes: 22 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes. Females carry a pair of X chromosomes that can swap, or recombine, similar regions of DNA during meiosis.

However, males harbor one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, and significant recombination between these dissimilar sex chromosomes does not occur. Therefore, the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) remains largely unchanged over many generations, directly passed from father to son, son to grandson, and so on, along with genetic variations in the NRY that may be present. Scientists can use genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), on the Y chromosome as markers of human ancestry and migration.

In 2002, the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) constructed a tree of 153 haplogroups based upon 243 unique genetic markers. In this report, researchers led by Dr. Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona recognized the need to revisit the Y chromosome haplogroup tree and incorporate the latest data. "The YCC effort in 2002 was a landmark in mapping the then known 300 or so Y-linked SNPs on a single tree, and getting the community to use the same nomenclature system," explains Hammer. "The rate of SNP discovery has continued to increase over the last several years, as are publications on Y chromosome origins and affinities. While this new information is useful, ironically it also brings with it the danger of introducing more chaos into the field."

Hammer's group integrated more than 300 new markers into the tree, which allowed the resolution of many features that were not yet discernable, as well as the revision of previous arrangements. "The major lineages within the most common African haplogroup, E, are now all sorted out, with the topology providing new interpretations on the geographical origin of ancient sub-clades," describes Hammer. "When one polymorphism formerly described as unique, but recently shown to have reversed was replaced by recently reported markers, a sub-haplogroup of haplogroup O, the most common in China, was considerably rearranged," explains Fernando Mendez, a co-author of the study.

In addition to improving the resolution of branches, the latest reconstruction of the tree allows estimates of time to the most recent common ancestor of several haplogroups. "The age of [haplogroup] DE is about 65,000 years, just a bit younger than the other major lineage to leave Africa, which is assumed to be about 70,000 years old," says Hammer, describing an example of the fine resolution of age that is now possible. "Haplogroup E is older than previously estimated, originating approximately 50,000 years ago."

Furthermore, Hammer explains that this work has resulted in the addition of two new major haplogroups, S and T, with novel insights into the ancestry of both. "Haplogroup T, the clade that Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to, has a Middle Eastern affinity, while haplogroup S is found in Indonesia and Oceania."
"More SNPs are being discovered, and we anticipate the rate to increase with the 1000 Genomes Project," says Hammer, referring to the wealth of human genetic variation data that will soon be available. While this report represents a significant advance in mapping ancestry by Y chromosome polymorphisms, it is certain that future discoveries will necessitate continual revisions to the Y chromosome haplogroup tree, helping to further elucidate the mystery of our origins.

Oracle, we know your game. You are playing Semantics here. How ever you classify your 'racism', it is your malicious 'INTENT' which is obvious to most.

In the UK you would have been imprisoned for RACISM by now. Perhaps that is why you are back in Cyprus. They must pay you well.

[Oracle]

Oracle's is a racist claim under a different name. Dress it up whichever way she wants - call it memes, if she wants - it is essentially a racist argument.

Here you go CopperLine ..... feast yourself on how Genetics can be used as a tool to generate fodder to fuel your divisive mentality.

Watch this space because if we do not reclaim the balancing affects of "nurture" ( memes ) chaps like CopperLine will be clutching their catalogues to categorize people into haplogroups ... the real new name for RACE.

Scientists reshape Y chromosome haplogroup tree gaining new insights into human ancestry
by PhysOrg
Reposted from:
http://www.physorg.com/news126327593.html

The Y chromosome retains a remarkable record of human ancestry, since it is passed directly from father to son. In an article published online today in Genome Research scientists have utilized recently described genetic variations on the part of the Y chromosome that does not undergo recombination to significantly update and refine the Y chromosome haplogroup tree. The print version of this work will appear in the May issue of Genome Research, accompanied by a special poster of the new tree.

Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes: 22 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes. Females carry a pair of X chromosomes that can swap, or recombine, similar regions of DNA during meiosis.

However, males harbor one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, and significant recombination between these dissimilar sex chromosomes does not occur. Therefore, the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) remains largely unchanged over many generations, directly passed from father to son, son to grandson, and so on, along with genetic variations in the NRY that may be present. Scientists can use genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), on the Y chromosome as markers of human ancestry and migration.

In 2002, the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) constructed a tree of 153 haplogroups based upon 243 unique genetic markers. In this report, researchers led by Dr. Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona recognized the need to revisit the Y chromosome haplogroup tree and incorporate the latest data. "The YCC effort in 2002 was a landmark in mapping the then known 300 or so Y-linked SNPs on a single tree, and getting the community to use the same nomenclature system," explains Hammer. "The rate of SNP discovery has continued to increase over the last several years, as are publications on Y chromosome origins and affinities. While this new information is useful, ironically it also brings with it the danger of introducing more chaos into the field."

Hammer's group integrated more than 300 new markers into the tree, which allowed the resolution of many features that were not yet discernable, as well as the revision of previous arrangements. "The major lineages within the most common African haplogroup, E, are now all sorted out, with the topology providing new interpretations on the geographical origin of ancient sub-clades," describes Hammer. "When one polymorphism formerly described as unique, but recently shown to have reversed was replaced by recently reported markers, a sub-haplogroup of haplogroup O, the most common in China, was considerably rearranged," explains Fernando Mendez, a co-author of the study.

In addition to improving the resolution of branches, the latest reconstruction of the tree allows estimates of time to the most recent common ancestor of several haplogroups. "The age of [haplogroup] DE is about 65,000 years, just a bit younger than the other major lineage to leave Africa, which is assumed to be about 70,000 years old," says Hammer, describing an example of the fine resolution of age that is now possible. "Haplogroup E is older than previously estimated, originating approximately 50,000 years ago."

Furthermore, Hammer explains that this work has resulted in the addition of two new major haplogroups, S and T, with novel insights into the ancestry of both. "Haplogroup T, the clade that Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to, has a Middle Eastern affinity, while haplogroup S is found in Indonesia and Oceania."
"More SNPs are being discovered, and we anticipate the rate to increase with the 1000 Genomes Project," says Hammer, referring to the wealth of human genetic variation data that will soon be available. While this report represents a significant advance in mapping ancestry by Y chromosome polymorphisms, it is certain that future discoveries will necessitate continual revisions to the Y chromosome haplogroup tree, helping to further elucidate the mystery of our origins.

Oracle, we know your game. You are playing Semantics here. How ever you classify your 'racism', it is your malicious 'INTENT' which is obvious to most.

In the UK you would have been imprisoned for RACISM by now. Perhaps that is why you are back in Cyprus. They must pay you well.

Deniz my "intent" is clouded by your poor judgement.

How many people in the UK state they hate the French? ... without being viewed as racists? I am not out handing jobs on the basis of people's "race" ... I simply want the enemy out of my country.

Your game Deniz is to bad-mouth me because you do not have the nous to comprehend novel methods of trying to solve age old problems.

Now read no further because it will be beyond your comprehension.

If I state how similar we are to Chimps at the DNA level, hence asserting we best leave genes out of classifying people, and perhaps look to what distinguishes us as Humans ... that is, the product of nurture and memes.

These things (nurture and memes) are under our control, to better and improve (as maybe one day genes will be, but that's another story).

We can choose to act in better ways and so enhance our collective lifestyles.

If the culture we were born in dictates we kill and maim ... we should question this, at least, and modify as best we can.

Improve the memes ..... Quite possible!

(... even for Turks! )

So, as I stated at the start of my thread:

So what of these two cultures could be united, merged, mitigated, annihilated, expounded ...... in order to gain the Perfect Cypriot ...

What combination of Memes handed down to us by Turks and Greeks could make the CYPRIOT the ultimate Human being?

No one has touched on these!

[denizaksulu]

Oracle's is a racist claim under a different name. Dress it up whichever way she wants - call it memes, if she wants - it is essentially a racist argument.

Here you go CopperLine ..... feast yourself on how Genetics can be used as a tool to generate fodder to fuel your divisive mentality.

Watch this space because if we do not reclaim the balancing affects of "nurture" ( memes ) chaps like CopperLine will be clutching their catalogues to categorize people into haplogroups ... the real new name for RACE.

Scientists reshape Y chromosome haplogroup tree gaining new insights into human ancestry
by PhysOrg
Reposted from:
http://www.physorg.com/news126327593.html

The Y chromosome retains a remarkable record of human ancestry, since it is passed directly from father to son. In an article published online today in Genome Research scientists have utilized recently described genetic variations on the part of the Y chromosome that does not undergo recombination to significantly update and refine the Y chromosome haplogroup tree. The print version of this work will appear in the May issue of Genome Research, accompanied by a special poster of the new tree.

Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes: 22 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes. Females carry a pair of X chromosomes that can swap, or recombine, similar regions of DNA during meiosis.

However, males harbor one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, and significant recombination between these dissimilar sex chromosomes does not occur. Therefore, the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) remains largely unchanged over many generations, directly passed from father to son, son to grandson, and so on, along with genetic variations in the NRY that may be present. Scientists can use genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), on the Y chromosome as markers of human ancestry and migration.

In 2002, the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) constructed a tree of 153 haplogroups based upon 243 unique genetic markers. In this report, researchers led by Dr. Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona recognized the need to revisit the Y chromosome haplogroup tree and incorporate the latest data. "The YCC effort in 2002 was a landmark in mapping the then known 300 or so Y-linked SNPs on a single tree, and getting the community to use the same nomenclature system," explains Hammer. "The rate of SNP discovery has continued to increase over the last several years, as are publications on Y chromosome origins and affinities. While this new information is useful, ironically it also brings with it the danger of introducing more chaos into the field."

Hammer's group integrated more than 300 new markers into the tree, which allowed the resolution of many features that were not yet discernable, as well as the revision of previous arrangements. "The major lineages within the most common African haplogroup, E, are now all sorted out, with the topology providing new interpretations on the geographical origin of ancient sub-clades," describes Hammer. "When one polymorphism formerly described as unique, but recently shown to have reversed was replaced by recently reported markers, a sub-haplogroup of haplogroup O, the most common in China, was considerably rearranged," explains Fernando Mendez, a co-author of the study.

In addition to improving the resolution of branches, the latest reconstruction of the tree allows estimates of time to the most recent common ancestor of several haplogroups. "The age of [haplogroup] DE is about 65,000 years, just a bit younger than the other major lineage to leave Africa, which is assumed to be about 70,000 years old," says Hammer, describing an example of the fine resolution of age that is now possible. "Haplogroup E is older than previously estimated, originating approximately 50,000 years ago."

Furthermore, Hammer explains that this work has resulted in the addition of two new major haplogroups, S and T, with novel insights into the ancestry of both. "Haplogroup T, the clade that Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to, has a Middle Eastern affinity, while haplogroup S is found in Indonesia and Oceania."
"More SNPs are being discovered, and we anticipate the rate to increase with the 1000 Genomes Project," says Hammer, referring to the wealth of human genetic variation data that will soon be available. While this report represents a significant advance in mapping ancestry by Y chromosome polymorphisms, it is certain that future discoveries will necessitate continual revisions to the Y chromosome haplogroup tree, helping to further elucidate the mystery of our origins.

Oracle, we know your game. You are playing Semantics here. How ever you classify your 'racism', it is your malicious 'INTENT' which is obvious to most.

In the UK you would have been imprisoned for RACISM by now. Perhaps that is why you are back in Cyprus. They must pay you well.

Deniz my "intent" is clouded by your poor judgement.

How many people in the UK state they hate the French? ... without being viewed as racists? I am not out handing jobs on the basis of people's "race" ... I simply want the enemy out of my country.

Your game Deniz is to bad-mouth me because you do not have the nous to comprehend novel methods of trying to solve age old problems.

Now read no further because it will be beyond your comprehension.

If I state how similar we are to Chimps at the DNA level, hence asserting we best leave genes out of classifying people, and perhaps look to what distinguishes us as Humans ... that is, the product of nurture and memes.

These things (nurture and memes) are under our control, to better and improve (as maybe one day genes will be, but that's another story).

We can choose to act in better ways and so enhance our collective lifestyles.

If the culture we were born in dictates we kill and maim ... we should question this, at least, and modify as best we can.

Improve the memes ..... Quite possible!

(... even for Turks! )

So, as I stated at the start of my thread:

So what of these two cultures could be united, merged, mitigated, annihilated, expounded ...... in order to gain the Perfect Cypriot ...

What combination of Memes handed down to us by Turks and Greeks could make the CYPRIOT the ultimate Human being?

No one has touched on these!

I will take note for once Oracle. You can talk about DNA or your Memes till Kingdom come. However They are not the answer to the Cyprus Problem. Nor will your insults achieve anything either.

[zan]

I think the main difference is that the Greeks took other nations as their own (As long as they had something that the Greeks could boast about and use the Greek name for) and made the world believe that these people were ACTUALLY GREEK. The Turks, on the other hand, allowed cultures, religions and identities of others to flourish so that they could claim it for them selves and for their creed. Call it naive on the Turkish side but I think we will all believe honest.



What is it with you and Memes any way....Are yours small and you have Meme envy???

Zan trying to school us on history? hahahaha

Go on Zan, elaborate on how Greeks took other nations as their own?? Its hilarious, your accusing Greeks of doing what the Turks are renowned for. Nothing changes much. One example is not acknowledging the ancient Greek Orthodox presence in what is now modern day Turkey and instead calling them 'Anciant Christian Turks' lol. How about not allowing Greeks and Armenians to have Greek and Armenian names, or not letting Kurds speak Kurdish, in order to eradicate their culture which was indigenous to the lands that Turks stole from them.

Zan dont try and school us on history, your a clueless nob.

Yu betta listen carefully bcause I gawna say dis onli wuns rude bouy! Dont jump in di waterr until you feel ow ot it is....coz you get your ass burnt so bad it look like your face!!! Sum of us on dis board are fill up wid humour and sum are jus so full of dem selve dat de dont need to eat again for a yaer...You hear me! Now shut up and get back to your learmin coz you know nuttin......




By the way old chap......Your very famous Harry Stottle...Did you know that he was Bulgarian from Macadonia and did not learn to speak Greek until older......

[boomerang]

'Ruthlessness gene' discovered
Dictatorial behaviour may be partly genetic, study suggests.

Michael Hopkin


Could a gene be partly responsible for the behaviour of some of the worlds most infamous dictators?Selfish dictators may owe their behaviour partly to their genes, according to a study that claims to have found a genetic link to ruthlessness. The study might help to explain the money-grabbing tendencies of those with a Machiavellian streak — from national dictators down to 'little Hitlers' found in workplaces the world over.

Researchers at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem found a link between a gene called AVPR1a and ruthless behaviour in an economic exercise called the 'Dictator Game'. The exercise allows players to behave selflessly, or like money-grabbing dictators such as former Zaire President Mobutu, who plundered the mineral wealth of his country to become one of the world's richest men while its citizens suffered in poverty.

The researchers don't know the mechanism by which the gene influences behaviour. It may mean that for some, the old adage that "it is better to give than to receive" simply isn't true, says team leader Richard Ebstein. The reward centres in those brains may derive less pleasure from altruistic acts, he suggests, perhaps causing them to behave more selfishly.

Prosocial hormone
Ebstein and his colleagues decided to look at AVPR1a because it is known to produce receptors in the brain that detect vasopressin, a hormone involved in altruism and 'prosocial' behaviour. Studies of prairie voles have previously shown that this hormone is important for binding together these rodents' tight-knit social groups.

Ebstein's team wondered whether differences in how this receptor is expressed in the human brain may make different people more or less likely to behave generously.

To find out, they tested DNA samples from more than 200 student volunteers, before asking the students to play the dictator game (volunteers were not told the name of the game, lest it influence their behaviour). Students were divided into two groups: 'dictators' and 'receivers' (called 'A' and 'B' to the participants). Each dictator was told that they would receive 50 shekels (worth about US$14), but were free to share as much or as little of this with a receiver, whom they would never have to meet. The receiver's fortunes thus depended entirely on the dictator's generosity.

About 18% of all dictators kept all of the money, Ebstein and his colleagues report in the journal Genes, Brain and Behavior 1. About one-third split the money down the middle, and a generous 6% gave the whole lot away.

Long and short
There was no connection between the participants' gender and their behaviour, the team reports. But there was a link to the length of the AVPR1a gene: people were more likely to behave selfishly the shorter their version of this gene.

It isn't clear how the length of AVPR1a affects vasopressin receptors: it is thought that rather than controlling the number of receptors, it may control where in the brain the receptors are distributed. Ebstein suggests the vasopressin receptors in the brains of people with short AVPR1a may be distributed in such a way to make them less likely to feel rewarded by the act of giving.

Though the mechanism is unclear, Ebstein says, he is fairly sure that selfish, greedy dictatorship has a genetic component. It would be easier to confirm this if history's infamous dictators conveniently had living identical twins, he says, so we could see if they were just as ruthless as each other.

Keen players
Researchers should nevertheless be careful about using the relatively blunt tool of the Dictator Game to draw conclusions about human generosity, says Nicholas Bardsley at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies such games.

His research suggests that players who routinely give money away as Dictators are also perfectly happy to steal money off other players in games that involve taking rather than giving. This suggests that the apparently more altruistic players in Ebstein's game may in fact be motivated by a desire simply to engage fully with the game, perhaps just because they feel that that is what's expected of them.

If that is true, then apparently ruthless dictators may be motivated not by out-and-out greed but by a simple lack of social skills, which leaves them unable to sense what's expected of them.

That certainly fits with the image of a naïve yet arrogant dictator with no sense of the inappropriateness of his actions and attitudes. Such figures have cropped up with surprising regularity throughout history, all the way from the emperors of Rome, through to Napoleon Bonaparte, Benito Mussolini, Saddam Hussein or Robert Mugabe, turkish generals now tenaciously clinging to power in the face of uncertain electoral results.

http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080404/full/news.2008.738.html

I guess oracle was right all along...

[zan]

Hey Boomers...No one will answer me when I ask....Isn't it funny how quite Tpap is at the moment........

[boomerang]

Hey Boomers...No one will answer me when I ask....Isn't it funny how quite Tpap is at the moment........

Why you asking me zan?...Am I his keeper or something?...read the papers...or better still google him

Talk about fatal attraction

...time to get the posters down from the walls buddy...

So I take then that you have no comment on the memes thingie

[shahmaran]

The part about the "Turkish Generals" doesn't even exist in the original article, idiot.

[boomerang]

but it made you read the article though...now who is the idiot?...

[shahmaran]

To be honest i have read enough about Memetics to bore the shit out of me for the next decade, all i had to do was use the handy CTRL+F feature to figure out what a moron you really were

Keep it up