THE WASHINGTON TIMES
Tuesday, July 22, 2008
Needing an excuse for success
COMMENTARY: By Bruce Fein.
The divided island of Cyprus confirms the axiom that political leaders occasionally need excuses for success. The United States should give newly elected Greek Cypriot President Demetris Christofias an excuse to negotiate the reunification of the island with Turkish Cypriot President Mehmet Ali Talat by breaking the international embargo on the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) through direct transportation, trade, telecommunications and sporting links.
Cyprus fractured between Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot de facto sovereignties in 1963 following the demise of the 1960 constitution. Since then, Greek Cypriot leaders have lacked any political incentive to compromise from a position of domination because the Greek Cypriot south has enjoyed exclusive international recognition while Turkish Cypriots have suffered from political isolation and economic strangulation. The Greek Cypriot south is represented at the United Nations. It enjoys diplomatic relations with every nation but the Republic of Turkey. It represents the entire island at international sporting or cultural events. Greek Cypriot intransigence has carried no penalty. Indeed, stubbornness has been rewarded by the international community through the continuing global embargo of the Turkish Cypriots but for Turkey. Turkish Cypriot youth, straining in a economy under perpetual duress, have had to flee the island in search of opportunity. Time has allowed the embargo to weaken Turkish Cypriot resistance to the Greek Cypriot ambition to reduce them to vassalage. In this favorable international context for the Greek Cypriot south, any Greek Cypriot leader who would have yielded anything to Turkish Cypriots would have been committing political suicide.
At its birth from British colonial rule in 1960, Cyprus sported a single sovereignty with single citizenship under a finely balanced constitution. To opine on responsibility for the destruction of the constitutional order in 1963 and the necessity for Turkish troops to rescue Turkish Cypriots from violence in 1974 would imperil ongoing reunification talks. It is sufficient to note that through Greek and Greek Cypriot lobbying and a western prejudice favoring Christians over Muslims, the international community has severed virtually all government and private connections to Turkish Cypriots for nearly 45 years. That isolation was not required by national or international laws. It was the result of cynical political or economic calculations of governments and private enterprise. Intermittent negotiations over reunification with separate constituent states predictably stagnated for three decades. Greek Cypriots generally demanded supremacy, while Turkish Cypriots generally demanded equality.
Then came the 2004 "Annan Plan." United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan fashioned a Nobel Prize-like breakthrough to reunify Cyprus through a bold scheme of federalism that accommodated both Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot aspirations while reciprocally quelling their fears. Dual referendums on the "Annan Plan" were held in April that year. Turkish Cypriots voted overwhelmingly in favor. The United States and the European Union had lured them into affirmative votes by promising to end the strict embargo on the TRNC if the unexpected happened and Greek Cypriots balked. They did, but the embargo has remained. Neither the United States nor the EU has honored their respective promises to open direct links to the TRNC. Their international credibility has plunged and diminished their ability to facilitate reconciliation elsewhere through a combination of promised carrots and sticks. To add insult to injury to the Turkish Cypriots, who had voted in favor of peace and unity, the European Union proceeded to admit solely the Greek Cypriot south as a new member, theoretically representing all of Cyprus on the heels of its shipwreck of reunification.
The issue remained dormant for four years until the 2008 election of Greek Cypriot President Christofias on a platform that included a renewal of negotiations with President Talat. Face-to-face talks began early in the year. After a meeting on May 23, the two leaders committed themselves to achieving "a bicommunal, bizonal federation with political equality, as defined be relevant [United Nations] Security Council resolutions." The envisioned partnership dispensation would comprise a federal government with a single international personality along with a Turkish Cypriot constituent state and a Greek Cypriot constituent state bearing equal status.
President Christofias and President Talat met again on July 1, when they agreed in principle on a single sovereignty and single citizenship. A scheduled meeting on July 25 is expected to conclude with an agreement to begin discussions in September on a comprehensive final settlement. Working groups and technical committees have already been addressing core political questions and day-to-day issues such as education, road safety, health and the environment.
Despite contrary expectations from world leaders, Greek Cypriots nixed the "Annan Plan" because they perceived that the international embargo of the TRNC put time on their side. The United States can reverse that perception by immediately initiating transportation, telecommunications, trade and sporting ties with the TRNC conditioned on a certification by the secretary of state that Turkish Cypriots are negotiating in good faith for reunification on just and equitable terms. That opening is exactly what President Christofias needs to sell an equal partnership single Cypriot state to his compatriots.
Bruce Fein is a resident scholar with the Turkish Coalition of America.
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/200 ... r-success/
Responses to Bruce Fein's Commentary.
Cyprus ruckus
Saturday, July 26, 2008
At a time when Cyprus needs objectivity and space for a solution "by Cypriots, for Cypriots," a phrase coined last month by British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, instead we're force-fed more biased commentary and tired rhetoric from Bruce Fein, a resident scholar with the Turkish Coalition of America ("Needing an excuse for success," Commentary, Tuesday). Enough already.
The United States and European Union did not and could not promise to end the isolation of Cypriots living in the northern occupied part of the island.
This isolation was caused by Turkey as it maintains upward of 40,000 troops there, in breach of dozens of United Nations resolutions. Nor can they do so now without a solution that secures the troops' removal.
The United States and EU promised to let Cyprus "as a whole" enjoy the fruits of EU accession if the Cypriot people "as a whole" had been able to accept Kofi Annan's plan. They weren't able. That's democracy.
Their reasons are well-documented.
They have more to do with genuine security fears and a continued infringement of fundamental freedoms than with punishing their long-suffering compatriots living in Turkey's protectorate.
The Annan plan — a blueprint for division and apartheid rather for unification — was rejected because it put the interests of foreign powers ahead of those of the indigenous people of Cyprus.
Indeed, the United States should give President Dimitris Christofias a reason to sell reunification on just and equitable terms.
It should leave him and his counterpart in the north, Mehmet Ali Talat, free to develop a real reunification plan that benefits the Cypriot people as whole, ahead of Turkey's military.
ANDREAS KOUMI
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/200 ... us-ruckus/
Cyprus ruckus
Saturday, July 26, 2008
Secretary
Cypriot Academy
London
On the 34th anniversary of the unlawful Turkish military invasion of the independent island Republic of Cyprus, Mr. Fein engages in the well-tried and true propaganda tactic of "blaming the victim."
Unsurprisingly, since he is writing for the Turkish Coalition of America, Mr. Fein fails to call for the withdrawal of the 43,000-strong Turkish military occupation forces from Cyprus that, by breaking U.S. arms export-control laws, continue to violate U.N. Security Council resolutions.
There are also violations of the basic human rights of Greek and Turkish Cypriots alike, as the European Court of Human Rights has established on numerous cases adjudicated before it such as Loizidou v. Turkey, Cyprus v. Turkey and Isaac et al. v. Turkey.
Mr. Fein applauds the failed 2004 Annan "peace plan." But he ignores the fact that this "plan" had asked the innocent victims of the 1974 Turkish invasion and occupation to pay three times over for Turkey's unlawful and criminal conduct: (1) When they had to abandon their properties and possessions; (2) when they managed to rebuild their lives and the economy of the Cyprus Republic; and (3) by having to finance the economic development of the Turkish-occupied areas under the "plan" without having concrete and timely assurances that they would be able to regain their lost properties in full.
Not surprisingly, the majority of Cypriot citizens voted against this "peace proposal."
By implementing the U.N. Security Council resolutions and the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the Cyprus crisis can easily be resolved.
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/200 ... us/?page=2
Cyprus ruckus
Saturday, July 26, 2008
LABROS E. PILALIS
Camp Hill, Pa.
Bruce Fein falsely equates the internationally recognized Republic of Cyprus with the occupied territories of Cyprus that are ruled by the Turkish military at the behest of a foreign power in Ankara. The Republic of Cyprus is represented by a democratically elected president who represents native-born Cypriots.
The northern territories of Cyprus are Turkish-occupied territory and have no legal or political legitimacy and include 100,000 Turkish citizens who have seized the homes and property of Greek refugees who were drivenout by the invading Turkish military in 1974.
Mr. Fein does not mention the recent legal ruling of the European Court on Human Rights that found Turkey to be responsible for the murders of Greek Cypriots Tasos Isaac and Solomos Solomou.
These Cypriot protesters were murdered in cold blood by the occupation regime during the summer of 1996.
It would be morally, politically and legally repugnant for the world to begin trading with the regime in the occupied territories of Cyprus considering the human rights violations undertaken by the Turkish military.
The policies of the Turkish government in Cyprus are comparable in some aspects to those of the Taliban.
The Taliban destroyed ancient Buddhist statues while Turkish occupation leaders in Cyprus have systematically profaned and destroyed over 500 Greek Orthodox churches that have been celebrated for their Byzantine religious art and their status as houses of worship.
Turkish aggression and expansionism in Cyprus cannot be hidden.
Ankara's agenda was manifested in 1955 with the formation of a terrorist group that called itself Cyprus Is Turkish and which played a significant role in the infamous anti-Greek pogroms that were carried out in Constantinople in 1955.
The racist nature of the Turkish occupation in Cyprus is demonstrated by Ankara's dual policy of ethnic cleansing, which was directed at both Greeks in Cyprus and the Greek minority inside Turkey. Finally, the citizens of Cyprus rejected the Annan plan in 2004 democratically through a referendum.
This contrasts nicely with the brutal measures of Turkey as can be seen by the slaughter of the Cypriot protesters. These examples vividly illustrated the difference between democratic Cyprus and the Kemalist dictatorship of the occupied territories.
THEODOROS KARAKOSTAS
Member
Hellenic Electronic Center
Boston
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