A Sip of Turkish Coffee History
Millions of people drink, and enjoy the taste of coffee throughout the entire world. However, the origin of this dark and fragrant brew is somewhat of a mystery. To our modern 'Latte' generation, the age of coffee is thought to be about three hundred years old. Some coffee historians believe that the coffee bean is as old as man. The earliest fossil remains of ancient man have been found in the central part of East Africa, near Southwest Ethiopia. Ethiopia is same place where the first coffee beans were harvested from wild coffee plants. Coffee was given its name, not by the country of its origin, "Kaffa" in Ethiopia, but from the Arabic word "qahwa."
The term "coffee" is also derived from the Turkish word "kahve." In this form, coffee roughly translates to mean, "a drink made from the berries of plants," just like wine. Legends tell of an Ethiopian shepherd who noticed how his sheep stayed awake all night after eating wild coffee berries. This young shepherd, named "Kaldi," tried some coffee berries for himself, and he found that the berries had the same effect upon him. Thus, the first use of coffee for an all-nighter was started. In its more poetic form, coffee was considered a wine from the berry of the coffee tree. It was first used in ceremonies by the mystic Sufi religions in Yemen. The drink helped the Sufi mystics stay up later to recite their nightly prayers.
In Turkey, coffee has played an important part in the lifestyle of the Turkish people. Even though many of the rituals of drinking coffee are not prevalent in modern Turkish customs, coffee still remains a major part of Turkish culture. Two Syrian traders brought the first coffee beans to Istanbul in 1555. Coffee berries were eaten whole at first, or they were crushed, mixed with fat, and then eaten. Later on, a drink was made from the fermented pulp of the coffee berries. This new drink was given the name "the milk of chess players and thinkers." This drink became very popular with the Moslem dervishes. Elaborate Turkish coffee ceremonies were performed by royal coffee makers called "kahveciusta," and forty assistants were needed to properly serve coffee to the sultans of Turkey.
The women of Turkey began at a young age, to learn to properly prepare Turkish coffee. Potential husbands would judge whether a woman was a good match for marriage, based upon her ability to make coffee. In the years that followed, coffee drinking became a major part of Turkish social interaction. Wealthy families had special rooms built that were used only for coffee drinking. Coffee houses in Turkey became commonplace. However, there was a downside to the popularity of these coffee houses. The more people socialized within the coffee house, the less they spent time praying in the mosques.
Coffee became a threat to the Ottoman Empire, because when the people gathered together, they began to question the political doctrines of the time. At least, that is what the leaders of the empire thought. They believed the coffee drinkers were banding together to exchange unpopular political philosophies, to create social unrest, and to possibly cause people to rise up against the empire. In 1656, the Ottoman Grand Vizier Koprulu established laws that shut down the coffee houses, and outlawed coffee drinking all together. If a person broke this law, they were beaten with a club called a 'cudgel.' The second time they were caught, they were sewn up in a leather bag, and thrown into the nearest river to drown.
The laws, however, did little to stop coffee drinking in Turkey. The laws actually made coffee even more popular. This caused other countries to take notice of coffee drinking. Historians tell us that coffee was first introduced to Europe by an accident of war. In 1683, when the Turkish army fought a battle with the Austrian army, the Turks accidentally left sacks of coffee beans behind when they retreated from the gates of Vienna. The Austrians quickly realized what kind of treasure the Turkish army had been given them. So the Austrians decided to develop their own special blend of coffee.
They served their new coffee brew with special cakes called 'kipfel,' or what we now know by its French name, as the 'croissant.' They were shaped to look like the crescent moon from the Turkish flag. The Austrians created the 'kipfel' to celebrate the retreat of the Turkish army from Vienna.
In conclusion, we know that the laws that outlawed coffee drinking were abolished with the passage of time. Today, the Turkish people do not have to fear any type of reprisal, if they want a cup of coffee.
In modern Turkey, the coffee houses continue to be a place to meet with friends, and to socialize over a nice hot cup of coffee. However, a few hundred years ago there was an old Turkish law that made it legal for a woman to divorce her husband, if he did not provide her with a daily quota of coffee. So remember, don't forget the coffee. It's not only a good idea; it 'was' the law. Afiyet Olsun.
http://www.theturkishtimes.com/archive/ ... kahve.html