Cyprus-Forum.com

[bigOz]

Source:
Stephen, Michael. 1987
Turkey's Response, and the Treaty of Guarantee
Five days after the overthrow of Makarios, and one day after his speech to the UN, the Turkish Government (at that time a Social Democrat Government), acted against the Greek invasion, and landed troops in the North of the island. The Greeks and Greek-Cypriots argue that the Turkish military action and subsequent presence is illegal. The Turks and Turkish-Cypriots say it is legal.
By Article 1 on the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee the Republic of Cyprus had agreed:
(a) to ensure the maintenance of its independence, territorial integrity and security, (b) to ensure the maintenance of respect for its Constitution, and (c) not to participate in any political or economic union with any State. Further, the Republic declared prohibited any activity likely to promote, directly or indirectly, either union with any other State or partition of the Island.
By Article II it was agreed that the Guarantor powers would:
(a) recognise and guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic, (b) recognise and guarantee the state of affairs established by the Basic Articles of its Constitution, and (c) prohibit, so far as concerned them, any activity aimed at promoting, directly or indirectly, either union of Cyprus with any other State or partition of the island.
Finally, by Article IV it was agreed that in the event of a breach of the provisions of the Treaty the Guarantor powers: (a) would consult together with respect to representations or measures necessary to ensure observance of those provisions, and (b) reserved the right, insofar as common or concerted action might not prove possible, to take action with the sole aim of re-establishing the state of affairs created by the Treaty.
As at 20th July 1974 the "Republic of Cyprus" had quite clearly failed to maintain its independenceterritorial integrity, or security, and had failed to maintain respect for its Constitution, as required by Article I of the Treaty. In particular it had failed to maintain respect for the Human Rights of its people recognised by and embodied in the Constitution. Further, Greece was itself in gross and obvious breach of Article II of the Treaty and accordingly, as required by Article IV, the United Kingdom and Turkey consulted together in London on 17th and 18th July. Greece was invited, but declined to attend.,
The House of Commons Select Committee on Cyprus formed the view (HC 331 1975/76 para. 22), that during these consultations Turkey had proposed joint Anglo-Turkish action under the Treaty of Guarantee, and this was confirmed by Prime Minister Ecevit on 14th August 1974 (Daily Telegraph 15th August). However the Labour Government in Britain refused to take any effective action, even though they had troops and aircraft in the Sovereign Bases in Cyprus. They argued that Britain was under no duty to take military action, but Article II provided that Britain would guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic, which it manifestly failed to do. The Select Committee concluded that "Britain had a legal right to intervene, she had a moral obligation to intervene. She did not intervene for reasons which the Government refuses to give."
The responsibility therefore fell upon Turkey, as the only Guarantor willing to act, and on 20th July Turkish forces landed in Cyprus. The legal authority for their action rests not only upon the breaches of the Treaty identified here, but also upon the breaches committed before 1974 by the Republic of Cyprus at the instance of the Greek-Cypriots, and which have already been mentioned.
Violence Continues

Now we are talking the same language Zan! Nice post - but it will only be interpreted as another bullet fired at the angelic peace demanding GC views of the South.

The abovce is exactly why I keep repeatedly saying "Stop blaming Turkey and wasting your time to decide whether the intervention was justified or not AND concentrate building bridges and trust between the GCs and TCs instead. The only proplem is, the "Jakyl and Hyde" character from the South we often face is making that impossible!

[cypezokyli]

Your futile talk about Turkish military coups is absolute rubbish. Every coup by the Turkish military stopped civilian bloodshed encouraged by terrorists or extreme factions some of which were financed / helped by foreign powers. Every coup led to a very brief policing period before the government was returned to civilian rule.

A country like Turkey that has some members with diverse and extreme religious or political affiliations needs an army led by well educated generals who can keep an eye on things. If it were not for that, there would have been another Iraq or Iran rigt next to EU borders, that would have made the problems of today in the Middle East, like an episode of the cartoon "Captain Popeye"..

you should certainly read some more things about your beloved army....

honestly....

all of the coups were made so as to increase or protect the armys position in the political system. all 5 of them.
as for the "well educated" , you should really read the inside stories of some coups....
finaced by foreign powers....blabla...
is it gladio money you are refferring to ? dont you know who took that money in turkey ? ....

[bigOz]

Your futile talk about Turkish military coups is absolute rubbish. Every coup by the Turkish military stopped civilian bloodshed encouraged by terrorists or extreme factions some of which were financed / helped by foreign powers. Every coup led to a very brief policing period before the government was returned to civilian rule.

A country like Turkey that has some members with diverse and extreme religious or political affiliations needs an army led by well educated generals who can keep an eye on things. If it were not for that, there would have been another Iraq or Iran rigt next to EU borders, that would have made the problems of today in the Middle East, like an episode of the cartoon "Captain Popeye"..

you should certainly read some more things about your beloved army....

honestly....

all of the coups were made so as to increase or protect the armys position in the political system. all 5 of them.
as for the "well educated" , you should really read the inside stories of some coups....
finaced by foreign powers....blabla...
is it gladio money you are refferring to ? dont you know who took that money in turkey ? ....

Are you genuenly retarded or just pretending?

Did you read the post Zan wrote above?

Did you read the post I just sent to you in response to your silly suggestion that I should read more foreign press - with all the quotes from foreign press?

We are definetely not talking about the Kurdish black money from heroin, which your beloved Cyprus government protected and protects. Just in case they teach you any different PKK is classified as an international terrorist organisation. Remind me - was it not head of PKK Ocalan who was caught in Africa with a Greek Cypriot Passpost - or do you read only news that may show some kind of hatred towards Turkey and Turkish army. Read the other post and come back for more sweetheart!

[the_snake_and_the_crane]

Seems there is new batch of brainwashed Turks coming to this website who are either going to have to be educated about history or just laughed at like Zan, VP, Murataga etc.

[bigOz]

Seems there is new batch of brainwashed Turks coming to this website who are either going to have to be educated about history or just laughed at like Zan, VP, Murataga etc.

Nice to meet you to - "a brainwashed Greek" who thinks himself better than others because that's waht teachers at school teach him. Do us all a favour and get back in the nursery!

You could not educate me in anything - I would embarass you everytime, moron!

[cypezokyli]

Did you read the post Zan wrote above?

yes i did. it is the opinion of this individual.
have you read any SC resolutions ?

[Kikapu]

Source:
Stephen, Michael. 1987
Turkey's Response, and the Treaty of Guarantee
Five days after the overthrow of Makarios, and one day after his speech to the UN, the Turkish Government (at that time a Social Democrat Government), acted against the Greek invasion, and landed troops in the North of the island. The Greeks and Greek-Cypriots argue that the Turkish military action and subsequent presence is illegal. The Turks and Turkish-Cypriots say it is legal.
By Article 1 on the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee the Republic of Cyprus had agreed:
(a) to ensure the maintenance of its independence, territorial integrity and security, (b) to ensure the maintenance of respect for its Constitution, and (c) not to participate in any political or economic union with any State. Further, the Republic declared prohibited any activity likely to promote, directly or indirectly, either union with any other State or partition of the Island.
By Article II it was agreed that the Guarantor powers would:
(a) recognise and guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic, (b) recognise and guarantee the state of affairs established by the Basic Articles of its Constitution, and (c) prohibit, so far as concerned them, any activity aimed at promoting, directly or indirectly, either union of Cyprus with any other State or partition of the island.
Finally, by Article IV it was agreed that in the event of a breach of the provisions of the Treaty the Guarantor powers: (a) would consult together with respect to representations or measures necessary to ensure observance of those provisions, and (b) reserved the right, insofar as common or concerted action might not prove possible, to take action with the sole aim of re-establishing the state of affairs created by the Treaty.
As at 20th July 1974 the "Republic of Cyprus" had quite clearly failed to maintain its independenceterritorial integrity, or security, and had failed to maintain respect for its Constitution, as required by Article I of the Treaty. In particular it had failed to maintain respect for the Human Rights of its people recognised by and embodied in the Constitution. Further, Greece was itself in gross and obvious breach of Article II of the Treaty and accordingly, as required by Article IV, the United Kingdom and Turkey consulted together in London on 17th and 18th July. Greece was invited, but declined to attend.,
The House of Commons Select Committee on Cyprus formed the view (HC 331 1975/76 para. 22), that during these consultations Turkey had proposed joint Anglo-Turkish action under the Treaty of Guarantee, and this was confirmed by Prime Minister Ecevit on 14th August 1974 (Daily Telegraph 15th August). However the Labour Government in Britain refused to take any effective action, even though they had troops and aircraft in the Sovereign Bases in Cyprus. They argued that Britain was under no duty to take military action, but Article II provided that Britain would guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic, which it manifestly failed to do. The Select Committee concluded that "Britain had a legal right to intervene, she had a moral obligation to intervene. She did not intervene for reasons which the Government refuses to give."
The responsibility therefore fell upon Turkey, as the only Guarantor willing to act, and on 20th July Turkish forces landed in Cyprus. The legal authority for their action rests not only upon the breaches of the Treaty identified here, but also upon the breaches committed before 1974 by the Republic of Cyprus at the instance of the Greek-Cypriots, and which have already been mentioned.
Violence Continues

Given the above articles, I'm surprised that Turkey or Britain did not intervened in 1963, when they could and should have. Perhaps had they did that, and kicked few butts, order would have been restored, and today may have been much different situation. So the so called guarantor rights that Turkey had back then, was never put into practice.

Oh well, water under the bridge.!!

Now we come to 1974, and once again, Britain does nothing.

Turkey comes to intervene.....Well done boys. We thank them a great deal for finally living up to their responsibility. Kicked some ass, and now the RoC is ready to self govern once again..........

But wait, Turkey is still sending troops to stop the coup, that is all but over. The intervention worked, so why are they still arriving.

This is where intervention became invasion. And from this very point, in 1974, Turkey's role as a guarantor became an aggressor and an occupying force in Cyprus, and broke every rule in Article I.. a) b) and c) as well as Article II... a) b) and c) as well as Article IV from the above, that Zan posted. It has been an invasion & occupation ever since.

Turkey could have easily restored power to the Cypriots back in 74 and went home. Well, guess what. Perhaps they did not want to go home, but just stay in Cyprus until who knows when, or perhaps never had intentions of going back. So before you all clap your hands congratulating Turkey's rights to intervened, you should also reprimand her, for breaking their responsibility as a guarantor by invading and occupying Cyprus.

Oh, by the way, they are still here.!!

When did the coup end again.??

Bottom line...Intervention became Invasion.

[T_C]

Come on Kikapu...

Nothing would of stopped Enosis. INDEPENDECE of Cyprus wasn't enough to stop it. Do you think if Turkey came and left it would of changed anything...??

[Viewpoint]

Source:
Stephen, Michael. 1987
Turkey's Response, and the Treaty of Guarantee
Five days after the overthrow of Makarios, and one day after his speech to the UN, the Turkish Government (at that time a Social Democrat Government), acted against the Greek invasion, and landed troops in the North of the island. The Greeks and Greek-Cypriots argue that the Turkish military action and subsequent presence is illegal. The Turks and Turkish-Cypriots say it is legal.
By Article 1 on the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee the Republic of Cyprus had agreed:
(a) to ensure the maintenance of its independence, territorial integrity and security, (b) to ensure the maintenance of respect for its Constitution, and (c) not to participate in any political or economic union with any State. Further, the Republic declared prohibited any activity likely to promote, directly or indirectly, either union with any other State or partition of the Island.
By Article II it was agreed that the Guarantor powers would:
(a) recognise and guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic, (b) recognise and guarantee the state of affairs established by the Basic Articles of its Constitution, and (c) prohibit, so far as concerned them, any activity aimed at promoting, directly or indirectly, either union of Cyprus with any other State or partition of the island.
Finally, by Article IV it was agreed that in the event of a breach of the provisions of the Treaty the Guarantor powers: (a) would consult together with respect to representations or measures necessary to ensure observance of those provisions, and (b) reserved the right, insofar as common or concerted action might not prove possible, to take action with the sole aim of re-establishing the state of affairs created by the Treaty.
As at 20th July 1974 the "Republic of Cyprus" had quite clearly failed to maintain its independenceterritorial integrity, or security, and had failed to maintain respect for its Constitution, as required by Article I of the Treaty. In particular it had failed to maintain respect for the Human Rights of its people recognised by and embodied in the Constitution. Further, Greece was itself in gross and obvious breach of Article II of the Treaty and accordingly, as required by Article IV, the United Kingdom and Turkey consulted together in London on 17th and 18th July. Greece was invited, but declined to attend.,
The House of Commons Select Committee on Cyprus formed the view (HC 331 1975/76 para. 22), that during these consultations Turkey had proposed joint Anglo-Turkish action under the Treaty of Guarantee, and this was confirmed by Prime Minister Ecevit on 14th August 1974 (Daily Telegraph 15th August). However the Labour Government in Britain refused to take any effective action, even though they had troops and aircraft in the Sovereign Bases in Cyprus. They argued that Britain was under no duty to take military action, but Article II provided that Britain would guarantee the independence, territorial integrity and security of the Republic, which it manifestly failed to do. The Select Committee concluded that "Britain had a legal right to intervene, she had a moral obligation to intervene. She did not intervene for reasons which the Government refuses to give."
The responsibility therefore fell upon Turkey, as the only Guarantor willing to act, and on 20th July Turkish forces landed in Cyprus. The legal authority for their action rests not only upon the breaches of the Treaty identified here, but also upon the breaches committed before 1974 by the Republic of Cyprus at the instance of the Greek-Cypriots, and which have already been mentioned.
Violence Continues

Given the above articles, I'm surprised that Turkey or Britain did not intervened in 1963, when they could and should have. Perhaps had they did that, and kicked few butts, order would have been restored, and today may have been much different situation. So the so called guarantor rights that Turkey had back then, was never put into practice.

Oh well, water under the bridge.!!

Now we come to 1974, and once again, Britain does nothing.

Turkey comes to intervene.....Well done boys. We thank them a great deal for finally living up to their responsibility. Kicked some ass, and now the RoC is ready to self govern once again..........

But wait, Turkey is still sending troops to stop the coup, that is all but over. The intervention worked, so why are they still arriving.

This is where intervention became invasion. And from this very point, in 1974, Turkey's role as a guarantor became an aggressor and an occupying force in Cyprus, and broke every rule in Article I.. a) b) and c) as well as Article II... a) b) and c) as well as Article IV from the above, that Zan posted. It has been an invasion & occupation ever since.

Turkey could have easily restored power to the Cypriots back in 74 and went home. Well, guess what. Perhaps they did not want to go home, but just stay in Cyprus until who knows when, or perhaps never had intentions of going back. So before you all clap your hands congratulating Turkey's rights to intervened, you should also reprimand her, for breaking their responsibility as a guarantor by invading and occupying Cyprus.

Oh, by the way, they are still here.!!

When did the coup end again.??

Bottom line...Intervention became Invasion.

Have we resolved anything? we are no closer to a solution today than we were in 1963. So Turkey has the right to stay until or if ever the 2 sides can agree on a solution, easy as that.

[zan]

Did you read the post Zan wrote above?

yes i did. it is the opinion of this individual.
have you read any SC resolutions ?

Come on Cyp, you seem to be the only one that is brave enough to tackle the question. What is wrong with the article I posted and when was the right time to hand back to the Cypriot government. I invite all to answer!!!!!!!!!!!!! Snake...I know you are still sore from me ridiculing your religion, what ever it was but how about an answer instead of your usual bad mouthing and name calling. Care to offer an opinion.